South Africa produces on average 1000t of strawberries annually; half of these are sold fresh, locally, the rest is either processed or exported to other African countries, such as Swaziland, Namibia, Mauritius, and Mozambique, or Middle Eastern countries, such as the United Arabian Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait.
Production has increased significantly in South Africa over the past years due to the ever-increasing demand, both locally and international markets. Strawberries grow best in areas with cold winters and mild summers and in well-drained soils with high organic matter content. Most of South Africa’s strawberries are produced in Brits, North-West Province, George, Paarl and Stellenbosch in the Western Cape.
About half the strawberries are produced outside (open-air production), while the other half is produced under protection (tunnels of shade-net). Protecting the crops against the environmental elements is costly, but it lengthens the production season and provides for better quality crops. Planting under protection, however, drastically increases the production costs.
Depending on the variety of the strawberry and the production region, strawberries are planted from March to April, and harvested from June to December. Strawberries planted in South Africa, are mostly derived from plant materials that are under breeder’s rights; this means that farmers either have to pay royalties or belong to a growers’ club to gain access to these plant materials/varieties. The varieties available in South Africa are either day-neutral or short-day growers. Day-neutral strawberries continue to fruit as long as the weather holds. This means that, unlike the familiar June-bearing cultivars that only fruit for a short time, day-neutral strawberries fruit into the summer and autumn. They also bear firmer and larger fruits than June-bearing strawberries. Short-day growers require a certain amount of daylight in order to flower. They generally flower during spring or autumn.