Does Coffee Production in Indonesia Come from Independent Farmers or Corporate Plantations?

Coffee plantations in Indonesia is a labor intensive industry. There are about 1.34 million independent coffee farmers in Indonesia that contribute to over 96% of the national production. State-owned farms only contribute 1.5% and the rest is private company corporate plantations.

There is a total 1.2M hectares of the farmer coffee plantations and only 14.5K hectares managed by the state own plantation and 9.71K hectares by private corporation. 

The value chain of the Indonesian Coffee: 

1. Farmer: producing the coffee cherry or green beans 

2. Cooperation, Farmer Group, Collector, trader: buying & processing the cherry or buying the green beans from farmer  

3. Local trader, producers: processing the green beans, grading & screening, and packing. 

4. Exporter 

5. Local Coffee industry