What are the production methods of sesame seeds in major countries?

[South Sudan]

• The crop survives when grown in hotter than optimal temperatures.
• It requires a constant high temperature of about 26-30°C for growth, blossoms, and fruit ripeness.
• Low temperature may cause sterile pollen or premature flower fall during flowering.
• Moisture, length of the rainy season, and temperature determine the time of planting of sesame seeds.
• It is advised to plant sesame seeds immediately after the first rains in dry areas with short rainy months.
• Row spacing of 25–75 cm is advised for the crop.

[Tanzania]

• Broadcasting Seeds: It is the most common seeding method used by smallholder farmers. The seeds are often mixed with sand, soil, or ash and then broadcast or drilled by hand in small furrows.
• Seed Drilling in Rows. The crop can be planted mechanically under large-scale production—the equipment varying from small hand-operated seeder units or animal-drawn drills to tractor-operated electronically controlled air seeders.

[Nigeria]

- Commercial

• Planting is usually done on ridges using a mechanical planter placed in rows of 60cm x 10 cm
  

- Subsistence

• Broadcast in plain lands: The seed should be cultivated on a relatively flat and well-drained loam or loamy soil with a pH range of 5.5–6.7 at a soil depth of 1.5–2.5 cm.
• Planting on a flatbed should be with inter-row and intra-row spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm at a seed rate of 4 KG/HA when drilling or 5 KG/HA when broadcasting.
• Thinning should be done three weeks after planting (WAP) to about two plants per stand along with the roll.

[India]

• Sesame seeds have a thin shell or husk which needs to be removed, and this process is known as dehulling.
• The dry dehulling process is generally followed in which the sesame seeds are cleaned at a certain level. This dehydrates the moisture in the hull quickly and is brittle. Then the dehulling clash method is applied in which the hulls are peeled from sesame seeds.
• A wet dehulling process has been developed for easy removal of the husk from the sesame seeds.
• After hulling, the soaking process is carried out in the next stage.
• Drying by mechanized process: The process uses a single chamber fluid bed dryer.
• Drying is also carried out manually by spreading in sunlight for 3-4 days.