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Classification
Product TypeIngredient
Product FormCrystalline Powder
Industry PositionFood Additive / Bulk Sweetener
Market
Maltitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) traded globally as a bulk sweetener and texture-modifying ingredient for sugar-reduced foods, and as an excipient in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations. In Codex, it is listed under INS 965 with separate entries for maltitol (INS 965(i)) and maltitol syrup (INS 965(ii)), supported by JECFA identity and purity specifications. Industrial supply is based on catalytic hydrogenation of maltose-rich glucose syrups derived from starch (commonly corn or wheat), linking availability and cost to starch feedstocks and processing energy/hydrogen inputs. International transactions are primarily B2B in powder and syrup formats into confectionery, bakery, dairy, tabletop sweeteners, and medicinal syrups, with regulatory labelling and consumer tolerance considerations shaping use.
White crystalline powder (maltitol) or clear, viscous liquid/white crystalline mass (maltitol syrup)
Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol
Compositional Metrics
JECFA specification for maltitol: assay not less than 98.0%
JECFA specification for maltitol: water not more than 1.0% (Karl Fischer)
JECFA specification for maltitol: nickel not more than 2 mg/kg; lead not more than 1 mg/kg
JECFA specification for maltitol syrup: not less than 99.0% total hydrogenated saccharides (anhydrous basis) and not less than 50.0% maltitol (anhydrous basis)
JECFA specification for maltitol syrup: water not more than 31% (Karl Fischer)
Grades
Food additive grade meeting JECFA identity and purity specifications
Food-use permissions and maximum use conditions are typically managed under Codex GSFA and national additive rules (often GMP by category)
Packaging
Powder: multiwall paper bags with inner liner, bulk bags (FIBC), or cartons for industrial users
Syrup: drums, IBC totes, or bulk tank supply depending on customer scale
ProcessingProduced from maltose-rich glucose syrups via catalytic hydrogenation; supplied as crystalline powder and as syrups with varying maltitol content depending on application
Supply Chain
Value Chain
Starch feedstock (e.g., corn/wheat) -> starch hydrolysis to maltose-rich glucose syrup -> catalytic hydrogenation -> purification -> concentration -> (crystallization & drying for powder) / (standardized syrup) -> packaging -> distribution to food and pharma manufacturers
Demand Drivers
Sugar-reduction reformulation requiring bulk sweetening and sucrose-like mouthfeel
Sugar-free and reduced-sugar confectionery, chocolate, bakery and dairy formulations
Pharmaceutical applications such as sugar-free syrups/suspensions and solid-dose excipient uses (e.g., coating, diluent)
Temperature
Not a cold-chain product; typical handling focuses on keeping powder dry to prevent caking and managing viscosity for syrup transfers
Shelf Life
Shelf-stable under appropriate dry/closed storage; quality risks are primarily moisture uptake (powder) and handling/transfer conditions (syrup viscosity and hygiene)
Risks
Feedstock And Process Inputs HighMaltitol supply depends on starch-derived sugar streams (e.g., corn/wheat) and catalytic hydrogenation processing; disruptions or sharp price increases in starch feedstocks and/or energy/hydrogen inputs can quickly tighten availability or raise costs for global food and pharma users.Maintain dual sourcing across qualified suppliers and formats (powder and syrup), contract key volumes, and monitor starch/energy input exposure in procurement planning.
Regulatory Compliance MediumMaltitol is regulated as a food additive (Codex INS 965); market access depends on meeting identity/purity specifications (e.g., JECFA) and complying with jurisdiction-specific labelling rules (e.g., EU additional labelling for foods with more than 10% added polyols).Align specifications to JECFA (and customer-required pharmacopeial/food codes where applicable) and validate labels/claims per destination-market rules.
Quality And Contaminants MediumBecause production uses catalytic hydrogenation, compliance with metal limits and other purity criteria (e.g., nickel, lead, sulfated ash, reducing sugars, moisture) is critical; non-conformance can lead to rejections and recalls.Use supplier qualification with routine COA verification against JECFA specifications and implement incoming QC testing for critical parameters.
Consumer Tolerance MediumHigh polyol intake can cause gastrointestinal intolerance, influencing formulation limits and triggering mandatory warnings in some markets, which can affect demand and product positioning.Use portion-aware formulation, clear consumer communication where required, and sensory/consumer testing for tolerance-driven reformulation risk.
Sustainability
Upstream agricultural footprint of starch feedstocks (e.g., fertilizer-related emissions and land-use impacts in corn/wheat supply chains)
Process energy and hydrogen requirements for catalytic hydrogenation and downstream purification/concentration
Labor & Social
Supply-chain due diligence for agricultural raw materials (traceability and responsible sourcing expectations for starch feedstocks)
FAQ
What is the Codex (INS) classification for maltitol in global food additive trade?Codex lists maltitol under INS 965, with separate identifiers for maltitol (INS 965(i)) and maltitol syrup (INS 965(ii)). These entries are reflected in the Codex GSFA Online database, which also describes common functional classes such as sweetener and bulking agent.
How is maltitol produced at industrial scale?Industrial maltitol is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of maltose-rich glucose syrups derived from starch sources such as corn or wheat. JECFA specifications for maltitol syrup describe it as being manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of high maltose-content glucose syrup, and suppliers describe maltitol production as hydrogenation of sugars from corn or wheat starch.
Is there an EU labelling warning that can apply to products with high levels of polyols like maltitol?Yes. Under EU Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, foods containing more than 10% added polyols authorised under the EU additives rules must include the statement: “excessive consumption may produce laxative effects”.