Value Chain: Growers -> Packers -> Traders -> Importers -> Retailers
Most lemon growers in Turkey are small-scale farmers, and very few growers possess their packaging facilities. Growers sell the harvest to packers in tree units. The packers are responsible for picking the fruits, loading them on trucks, and transporting them to packaging facilities. Deals with packers must be for the entire farm (not by tree units). Packers are also responsible for the calibration and grading of fruits.
Some packers engage directly with importers without going through traders or intermediaries. Importers prefer this direct setup as packers can secure better quality. Fewer intermediaries are involved for larger packinghouses.