How Is the Supply Chain Formed in Egypt?

Supply Chain: Farmers -> Transportation -> Wholesale, Processing, Packing -> Retail or Exporters.

Big exporters usually own their farms and buy from local farms to meet demand. Also, exporting companies conduct their farm inspection before shipping the product out, and the inspection process is proceeded depending on the destination country.

Two types of farming grapes: 

• Open (Farm trees), Closed (Covered top of threes). In the case of closed farms, it withholds the heat. Therefore, grapes ripen earlier than on open farms.
  
• Farms/exporters know to which markets they are selling. For example, grapes with shorter shelf life usually go to the domestic market.
  

Contract: Before the season starts, 70% of grapes are reserved by international buyers, and only 30% are left in the market. Also, buyers never sign long-term contracts as production volume and price level varies depending on the season. Some varieties are limited, so arrangements are needed to obtain the quantity and agreed price.

Source. Emad fathy Tridge OM Egypt