Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormDried
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupPulses (dry beans)
Scientific NamePhaseolus lunatus
PerishabilityLow (as a dried pulse when kept within appropriate moisture limits and protected from insects); quality losses increase with moisture uptake and infestation during storage.
Growing Conditions- Warm-season legume; adapted to mean growing-season temperatures around 18–24°C and requires a frost-free growing period in temperate regions
- Cultivated as an annual in temperate regions; perennial growth habit possible in tropical environments
Main VarietiesBaby lima (small-seeded; sieva-type), Fordhook / large-seeded types, Large white-seeded types
Consumption Forms- Dried whole beans for soaking and cooking
- Ingredient use after rehydration and thermal processing in canned/prepared foods
Grading Factors- Moisture content appropriate to destination climate and storage duration
- Freedom from living insects and filth/impurities of animal origin
- Foreign matter content
- Damaged, broken, or discolored seeds
- Uniformity by size/seed class where specified by buyers
Planting to HarvestOften on the order of ~60–110 days from sowing to seed harvest for bushy forms (varies by cultivar and environment; longer cycles are reported for perennial/tropical systems).
Market
Dried lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), also known as butter beans, are a niche pulse commodity within the broader global dry-bean trade, with species-level production and trade often not separately reported in major statistical systems. Published agronomic and reference sources describe commercial production as concentrated in a limited set of countries, with additional smallholder or garden-scale production across tropical regions. In trade data, shipments are typically captured within HS heading 0713 (dried, shelled leguminous vegetables) under broader “beans/other beans” groupings rather than as a dedicated lima-bean line in many datasets. Buyer requirements in international transactions commonly emphasize moisture management for storage and the absence of live insects and filth per Codex pulse quality norms.
Market GrowthNot Mentioned
Major Producing Countries- United StatesHistorically cited as a leading commercial producer; species-level production is commonly aggregated with other legume grains in major statistics.
- MadagascarHistorically cited as a commercial producer of dry seed (notably large white-seeded types); species-level production often not separately reported.
- PeruHistorically cited as a commercial producer of dry seed; species-level production often not separately reported.
Supply Calendar- United States (Pacific Northwest/Columbia Basin processing production):Aug, SepProcessing harvest for lima beans in this region is reported from mid-August to mid-September; timing varies by variety and seasonal conditions.
Specification
Major VarietiesBaby lima (small-seeded; sieva-type), Fordhook / large-seeded lima (large-seeded types), Large white-seeded types (commercial types reported for Madagascar)
Physical Attributes- Wide, flat pods; seeds with characteristic fine ridges in the seed coat radiating from the ‘eye’
- Seed size, shape, thickness, and color vary widely across bush and climbing forms
Compositional Metrics- Moisture limits for dried beans in Codex CXS 171-1989 are commonly referenced in quality programs (lower values for tropical/long-term storage; higher values for moderate/short-term storage).
Grades- Codex Alimentarius CXS 171-1989 (Standard for Certain Pulses) quality factors for beans (Phaseolus spp.), including requirements around safety/suitability, absence of abnormal odors/flavors, and freedom from living insects and filth
Packaging- Commercial packaging is generally designed to maintain dryness and protect against contamination and insect ingress in storage and transit (specific packaging formats vary by buyer and destination requirements).
Supply Chain
Value Chain- Harvest (pods mature and dry) -> threshing/shelling -> cleaning and foreign-matter removal -> drying/conditioning to target moisture -> sorting/grading -> bagging -> containerized or bulk shipment -> destination cleaning/repacking -> retail/foodservice distribution
Demand Drivers- Shelf-stable pulse demand for household cooking and foodservice applications where a creamy, mild bean is preferred
- Ingredient demand from canning and prepared-food manufacturers that use lima beans within mixed-vegetable or bean-based formulations (where dried beans are rehydrated and thermally processed)
Temperature- Ambient logistics are typical, but storage and transport should minimize heat and humidity exposure to reduce moisture uptake and insect activity; moisture control is central to quality preservation in long-duration supply chains.
Shelf Life- Shelf life is extended when beans are kept within moisture limits appropriate for destination climate and storage duration and kept free of living insects, consistent with Codex pulse quality expectations.
Risks
Supply Concentration HighDried lima beans are commonly described as a minor grain legume with fragmented species-level statistics and commercial production concentrated in a limited number of countries; this thin, less-transparent supply base can amplify the impact of localized weather shocks, disease pressure, or logistics disruptions on availability and prices.Use multi-origin contracting where feasible, qualify substitute specifications (e.g., acceptable size/color ranges), and maintain safety stock for critical users given the product’s niche and data opacity.
Storage Pest And Quality Loss MediumInternational quality standards for pulses emphasize freedom from living insects and appropriate moisture levels; failures in drying, packaging integrity, or storage hygiene can lead to insect presence, contamination, and commercial rejection.Implement incoming moisture and infestation inspections, use appropriate drying/conditioning, and apply integrated storage pest management (sanitation, monitoring, and approved treatments where permitted).
Moisture And Mold Risk MediumCodex provides different maximum moisture levels for beans to reflect tropical/long-term storage versus moderate/short-term storage; exceeding appropriate moisture targets increases spoilage and quality deterioration risk in extended global supply chains.Specify destination-appropriate moisture targets in contracts, test moisture at load-in/load-out, and use moisture-protective handling to prevent re-wetting/condensation.
Trade Classification And Traceability MediumDried lima beans are often recorded under broader HS 0713 categories for dried, shelled leguminous vegetables, frequently within ‘other beans’ groupings; this can complicate market monitoring, benchmarking, and some compliance workflows compared with commodities that have dedicated statistical lines.Align contracts and certificates to clear botanical identification (Phaseolus lunatus) and product descriptors, and map partner-specific tariff lines consistently across origins and destinations.
Sustainability- Post-harvest loss risk (waste) driven by moisture mismanagement and insect infestation during storage in warm/humid climates
- Water and irrigation dependency in some commercial production systems can increase climate exposure and resource-stewardship scrutiny
FAQ
Why is it hard to find global production and trade statistics specifically for dried lima beans?Several reference sources note that lima beans are often aggregated with other legume grains in major statistical systems, so species-specific production and trade totals are frequently not published as a standalone series.
What quality parameters are commonly referenced for dried lima beans in international trade?Codex’s Standard for Certain Pulses (CXS 171-1989) is commonly used as a reference for dried beans (Phaseolus spp.), emphasizing suitability for consumption, absence of abnormal odors/flavors, freedom from living insects and filth, and moisture limits that vary by storage climate and duration.
What are common market names or variety groupings for lima beans?Common names include “lima bean” and “butter bean,” and commercial groupings often distinguish small-seeded types (often called baby limas/sieva-type) from large-seeded types (including Fordhook types), with large white-seeded commercial types also described in some producing regions.