Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormFresh
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Market
Fresh turmeric (kunyit; Curcuma longa rhizome) is a biofarmaka (medicinal rhizome) horticulture crop in Indonesia’s official statistics. BPS reports the highest turmeric production provinces (2017) as East Java and Central Java, within a wider set of rhizome-crop centers including East Java, Central Java, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, South Sulawesi, and Bengkulu. Indonesia is also an exporter of turmeric under HS 091030 (turmeric/curcuma) in UN Comtrade-derived statistics, with India as the dominant destination by value and volume in 2023 (note: HS 091030 does not disaggregate “fresh” vs. dried/processed forms). For export-oriented fresh turmeric shipments, phytosanitary certification issued by the Indonesian Quarantine Authority (NPPO of Indonesia) is a core compliance checkpoint, and certificate format updates have been reported under IQA Regulation No. 9/2024 via IPPC reporting obligations.
Market RoleProducer and exporter (turmeric exports recorded under HS 091030; fresh form often faces SPS controls for international shipment)
Domestic RoleDomestic culinary and traditional-use spice rhizome market supplied by domestic production tracked in BPS biofarmaka statistics
Specification
Physical Attributes- For export-lot acceptance in many destination SPS regimes, fresh turmeric rhizomes are expected to be free from live pests and excessive soil contamination, with defects/decay minimized (phytosanitary inspection/certification is used to attest compliance).
Supply Chain
Value Chain- Harvest (rhizomes) → washing/soil removal → sorting/defect removal → packing → phytosanitary inspection and certification by the Indonesian Quarantine Authority (NPPO) → export dispatch
Freight IntensityHigh
Transport ModeSea
Risks
Phytosanitary HighFresh turmeric rhizomes are commonly treated as regulated plant products in international trade, and shipments can be delayed, rejected, or require treatment if they fail importing-country phytosanitary conditions (e.g., presence of soil/extraneous material or live pests) or if phytosanitary documentation is incomplete/misaligned; Indonesia’s NPPO-issued phytosanitary certificate is the key compliance instrument referenced in IPPC reporting obligations.Implement strict pre-export cleaning (soil removal), pest inspection and lot segregation, and ensure the Indonesian Quarantine Authority (NPPO) phytosanitary certificate (and any additional declarations) matches the destination country’s import requirements for fresh rhizomes.
Regulatory Compliance MediumPhytosanitary certificate formats and document-handling rules can change (e.g., IPPC reporting obligations note Indonesia’s phytosanitary certificate format updates under IQA Regulation No. 9/2024 with electronic signature), creating a risk of document non-acceptance or clearance delays if systems and templates are not updated.Monitor Indonesia NPPO/IPPC reporting obligations and destination-country guidance; update exporter SOPs, templates, and e-document workflows before shipment.
Market MediumIndonesia’s turmeric exports under HS 091030 are highly concentrated in India in recent UN Comtrade-derived WITS summaries (2023), so demand, border controls, or policy shifts affecting that route can materially disrupt export volumes and pricing (HS-level data does not isolate the fresh product form).Diversify buyer portfolio and validate product-form classification and SPS requirements per destination to reduce single-market exposure.
FAQ
Which Indonesian provinces are key production centers for turmeric?BPS (Statistik Tanaman Biofarmaka Indonesia 2017) reports the highest turmeric (kunyit) production provinces as East Java and Central Java, and it lists broader rhizome biofarmaka centers including East Java, Central Java, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, South Sulawesi, and Bengkulu.
What is the main compliance document for exporting fresh turmeric rhizomes from Indonesia to regulated markets?A phytosanitary certificate issued by the Indonesian Quarantine Authority (NPPO of Indonesia) is the core document used to certify compliance with importing-country phytosanitary requirements, as described in IPPC reporting obligations for Indonesia.
Which countries are major destinations for Indonesia’s turmeric exports in recent trade statistics?UN Comtrade-derived WITS summaries for HS 091030 (turmeric/curcuma) show India as the dominant destination for Indonesia in 2023, followed by smaller export flows to markets including Singapore, Malaysia, and the United States; the HS code does not isolate the fresh product form.