InfoPlagas, a tool for crop monitoring in Argentina
Wheat
Argentina
Published Oct 30, 2020
Tridge summary
PESTS IN WHEAT Aphids are small insects (1 and 4 mm), delicate in appearance, short-lived and high reproduction rate. They have an oral appliance that allows them to suck vegetable juices in large quantities. The most frequent in the core zone of wheat cultivation are: "green cereal aphid" (Schizaphis graminum) (Fig. 1), "yellow wheat aphid" (Metopolophium dirhodum) (Fig. 2) and "aphid of the ear of wheat ”(Sitobion avenae) (Fig. 3).
Original content
New species such as Sipha maydis or “black grass aphid” have been identified (Fig. 4) due to changes in the production system. Aphids cause direct and indirect damage to plants that results in yield drops. The first type of damage is generated by the incorporation of toxic saliva and extraction of large amounts of sap, causing chlorosis, spots and death of leaves. The second type of damage is observed when the aphids present in the crop are virus transmitters. There is no standardized monitoring methodology for aphids and it is suggested to check at least 30 plants at random. In the vegetative state, the individuals found on both sides of the leaves should be counted. In the reproductive state it is recommended to observe the spikes and detect the presence and abundance of aphids. They present numerous natural enemies, including entomophages (predators and parasitoids) and entomopathogens (fungi) that exert strong pressure to keep populations below damage thresholds. The decision ...
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