Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Fresh Whole Clove market coverage spans 133 countries.
- 567 exporter companies and 203 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 828 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 20 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 0.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-04-16.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Fresh Whole Clove
Analyze 828 supplier-linked transactions across the top 20 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Fresh Whole Clove.
Fresh Whole Clove Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Fresh Whole Clove to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Fresh Whole Clove: Indonesia (+179.8%), Germany (+86.7%), Uzbekistan (+56.6%).
Fresh Whole Clove Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Fresh Whole Clove country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Whole Clove transaction unit prices: United States (18.95 USD / kg), Germany (15.81 USD / kg), Sri Lanka (11.22 USD / kg), Ecuador (9.52 USD / kg), Singapore (8.13 USD / kg), 9 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | -28.0% | 281 | 4.89 USD / kg (3,886 kg) | 4.41 USD / kg (2,225.02 kg) | 4.00 USD / kg (2,175.74 kg) | 3.84 USD / kg (3,080.94 kg) | 3.84 USD / kg (2,169.94 kg) | 5.00 USD / kg (2,427.7 kg) | ||||||
| Ecuador | +10.9% | 141 | 9.86 USD / kg (541 kg) | 9.06 USD / kg (540.12 kg) | 9.77 USD / kg (654.84 kg) | 8.79 USD / kg (715 kg) | 9.97 USD / kg (726 kg) | 9.52 USD / kg (829 kg) | ||||||
| Netherlands | -10.9% | 124 | 6.87 USD / kg (640 kg) | 7.01 USD / kg (311 kg) | 6.89 USD / kg (663 kg) | 6.66 USD / kg (369 kg) | 6.61 USD / kg (412 kg) | 6.56 USD / kg (431 kg) | ||||||
| India | -13.7% | 122 | 11.20 USD / kg (22,222 kg) | 11.34 USD / kg (6,993.49 kg) | 9.60 USD / kg (15,615 kg) | 9.33 USD / kg (4,865.6 kg) | 11.87 USD / kg (14,346 kg) | 8.10 USD / kg (518 kg) | ||||||
| United Arab Emirates | -0.1% | 48 | 6.60 USD / kg (2,372.99 kg) | 6.60 USD / kg (514.73 kg) | 6.60 USD / kg (9,277.79 kg) | 6.60 USD / kg (354.91 kg) | 6.60 USD / kg (197.39 kg) | 6.60 USD / kg (1,865.59 kg) | ||||||
| Germany | +86.7% | 13 | - (-) | 6.60 USD / kg (157.5 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 15.81 USD / kg (316.15 kg) | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | +9.2% | 28 | 14.75 USD / kg (2,500 kg) | 14.76 USD / kg (4,835 kg) | 16.00 USD / kg (7,030 kg) | 14.38 USD / kg (5,810 kg) | 13.02 USD / kg (1,708 kg) | 11.22 USD / kg (16,475 kg) | ||||||
| Brazil | +3.9% | 14 | 7.31 USD / kg (48,000 kg) | - (-) | 4.59 USD / kg (34,000 kg) | 6.72 USD / kg (8,000 kg) | 6.69 USD / kg (24,000 kg) | 6.49 USD / kg (48,000 kg) | ||||||
| Vietnam | - | 11 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 2.94 USD / kg (15,498 kg) | 3.03 USD / kg (11,358 kg) | ||||||
| Mexico | +35.0% | 8 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 2.50 USD / kg (20 kg) |
Fresh Whole Clove Global Supply Chain Coverage
770 companies
567 exporters and 203 importers are mapped for Fresh Whole Clove.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Fresh Whole Clove, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Fresh Whole Clove Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
567 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Fresh Whole Clove. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Fresh Whole Clove Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 567 total exporter companies in the Fresh Whole Clove supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Lithuania)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Industries: Freight Forwarding And IntermodalOthersLand Transport
Value Chain Roles: TradeOthersDistribution / WholesaleLogistics
(China)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: TradeLogistics
(United Arab Emirates)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: TradeFarming / Production / Processing / PackingDistribution / Wholesale
(Ecuador)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Freight Forwarding And Intermodal
Value Chain Roles: Logistics
(Kenya)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Industries: Crop ProductionFreight Forwarding And Intermodal
Value Chain Roles: TradeDistribution / Wholesale
(Sri Lanka)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-09-18
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: OthersFood ManufacturingBrokers And Trade AgenciesFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: Food ManufacturingFarming / Production / Processing / PackingTrade
Fresh Whole Clove Global Exporter Coverage
567 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Fresh Whole Clove supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Fresh Whole Clove opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Fresh Whole Clove (HS Code 090710) in 2024
For Fresh Whole Clove in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 1,042,731.802 kg | 9,759,562.718 USD | View → |
| 2 | Netherlands | 668,813 kg | 7,516,744.802 USD | View → |
| 3 | Germany | 270,144.519 kg | 3,108,738.473 USD | View → |
| 4 | Brazil | 338,230.062 kg | 2,952,939 USD | View → |
| 5 | Turkiye | 360,572 kg | 2,113,562 USD | View → |
| 6 | Spain | 272,147.474 kg | 1,767,290.972 USD | View → |
| 7 | United Kingdom | 85,665 kg | 1,675,102.984 USD | View → |
| 8 | Latvia | 147,197 kg | 1,424,044.676 USD | View → |
| 9 | Poland | 84,472.101 kg | 1,195,721 USD | View → |
| 10 | Egypt | 83,460.072 kg | 917,722.506 USD | View → |
Fresh Whole Clove Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Fresh Whole Clove exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Fresh Whole Clove Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
203 importer companies are mapped for Fresh Whole Clove demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Fresh Whole Clove Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 203 total importer companies tracked for Fresh Whole Clove. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 7
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food PackagingBeverage ManufacturingFood ManufacturingFood Services And Drinking Places
Value Chain Roles: Ukraine
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Kazakhstan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: -
(India)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Ukraine
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-08-22
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food Services And Drinking Places
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
203 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Fresh Whole Clove.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Fresh Whole Clove buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Fresh Whole Clove (HS Code 090710) in 2024
For Fresh Whole Clove in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 31,872,561 kg | 219,398,733.574 USD | View → |
| 2 | United States | 2,298,987 kg | 22,675,440 USD | View → |
| 3 | Pakistan | 2,454,723 kg | 10,929,708.954 USD | View → |
| 4 | Mexico | 1,199,385 kg | 8,714,575 USD | View → |
| 5 | Germany | 890,001.461 kg | 8,043,781.826 USD | View → |
| 6 | Egypt | 775,254.038 kg | 7,327,942.357 USD | View → |
| 7 | Netherlands | 798,018 kg | 7,154,373.566 USD | View → |
| 8 | Dominican Republic | 640,873.28 kg | 6,200,611.302 USD | View → |
| 9 | Malaysia | 741,771.213 kg | 4,574,336.997 USD | View → |
| 10 | United Kingdom | 478,885 kg | 4,470,464.998 USD | View → |
Fresh Whole Clove Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Fresh Whole Clove origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Fresh Whole Clove
Fresh Whole Clove Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Fresh Whole Clove wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Whole Clove wholesale unit prices: Portugal (2.91 USD / kg), Taiwan (1.52 USD / kg).
Fresh Whole Clove Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Fresh Whole Clove wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 3 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
Latest Fresh Whole Clove Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Fresh Whole Clove wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-01 | Cra******* ************* ** ******** ******************** * ******* ************ ***** ***** * ***** | 4.07 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | 丁香(** * ***** ** | 1.88 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | 丁香(** * ***** ** | 7.83 USD / kg | |
| 2026-02-01 | 丁香(** * ***** ** | 0.95 USD / kg | |
| 2025-10-01 | 丁香(** * ***** ** | 1.01 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormDried
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupSpices
Scientific NameSyzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L.M. Perry
PerishabilityLow (dried spice); quality is moisture-sensitive and can deteriorate via mould, infestation, and volatile oil loss if storage is poor.
Growing Conditions
- Warm, humid tropical climate; commonly cited rainfall range about 1,500–2,500 mm/year.
- Grows from sea level up to roughly 1,000 m elevation in suitable tropical environments.
- Prefers well-drained, deep loamy soils with good organic matter; can grow on well-drained lateritic soils.
Consumption Forms
- Whole clove buds for culinary use
- Ground clove powder for food manufacturing and retail
- Clove oil (essential oil) for flavor/fragrance and dental/pharmaceutical applications
Grading Factors
- Moisture and dryness (to limit mould and preserve aroma)
- Extraneous matter and cleanliness (stones, wood, non-clove plant material)
- Defect mix (whole buds vs. headless cloves and stems) and uniformity
- Aroma/volatile oil-related quality and absence of off-odors
- Freedom from insects and visible mould contamination
Planting to HarvestFirst commercial harvest commonly reported around 7–8 years after planting (tree-crop with long maturity horizon).
Market
Fresh whole clove (dried unopened flower bud) is a globally traded spice with production concentrated in Indonesia and several Indian Ocean origins, notably Madagascar, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), and Comoros. Global trade is shaped by a mix of direct origin exports and re-export hubs (e.g., United Arab Emirates and Singapore), with South Asia and the Middle East among the largest import demand centers. Because cloves are a perennial tree-crop, harvest variability and weather shocks can translate quickly into price and availability volatility in international markets. Food safety controls (pathogen and mycotoxin risk management) and quality grading (whole buds vs. stems/headless material, moisture/volatile oil) are key determinants of market access and buyer specifications.
Market GrowthMixed (recent years (early 2020s))trade value volatility with year-to-year swings
Major Producing Countries
- IndonesiaLargest producer in FAOSTAT reporting for cloves; production supports both domestic use and export trade.
- MadagascarMajor producer and a leading exporting origin in HS 0907 trade.
- TanzaniaImportant producer; Zanzibar/Pemba are historically significant clove-growing areas.
- ComorosNotable producer and exporter in HS 0907 trade.
- Sri LankaProducer with a defined harvest window (Dec–Apr) and established export-oriented quality guidance.
Major Exporting Countries
- MadagascarConsistently among top exporters of HS 0907 by quantity on ITC Trade Map.
- IndonesiaKey exporter of HS 0907; export availability can be influenced by domestic demand.
- TanzaniaExporter (including Zanzibar-origin supply) in HS 0907 trade.
- ComorosExporter in HS 0907 trade, often sensitive to weather and logistics constraints.
- United Arab EmiratesMajor re-export hub appearing among top exporters in HS 0907 trade statistics.
- SingaporeRe-export and trading hub listed among exporters in HS 0907 trade statistics.
Major Importing Countries
- IndiaLargest importer by value in HS 0907 on ITC Trade Map.
- United Arab EmiratesLarge importer and redistribution hub in HS 0907 trade.
- ChinaSignificant import market in HS 0907 trade.
- Saudi ArabiaNotable importer in HS 0907 trade.
- United StatesMeaningful importer in HS 0907 trade; import entry controls emphasize pathogen and filth risk management for spices.
Supply Calendar
- Zanzibar (Tanzania):Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb, MarTwo harvest seasons are described by Zanzibar State Trading Corporation: Mwaka (Jul–Nov) and Vuli (Dec–Mar).
- Sri Lanka:Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, AprDepartment of Export Agriculture notes harvesting typically commences in December and extends to end of April depending on locality.
- Madagascar (east coast):Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb, MarHarvesting commonly described as occurring roughly Oct–Mar, varying by area.
- Indonesia (varies by island/region):May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, DecPROSEA notes the main season in South-East Asia shifts markedly by location, ranging from about May–Jun (East Java) to Nov–Dec (Ambon/Pinang).
Specification
Physical Attributes
- Dried unopened flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum; nail-like bud shape with head and stem; color typically reddish-brown to dark brown.
- Aroma and flavor are strongly aromatic/spicy; must be free from musty/off-odors and visible mould/insect infestation in export-grade lots.
Compositional Metrics
- Volatile oil content (eugenol-rich essential oil) is a key quality marker referenced in international specifications for whole and ground cloves.
- Moisture management is critical: low-moisture storage reduces mould growth and helps preserve aroma.
Grades
- Commercial sorting commonly distinguishes whole buds from headless cloves, clove stems, and other clove parts/foreign matter; export specifications set limits for extraneous matter and defects.
- ISO 2254 provides a reference framework for requirements and terminology for whole and ground cloves.
Packaging
- Moisture-protective packaging and clean, sound bags/containers are emphasized in Codex guidance for spices and dried culinary herbs.
- Bulk trade commonly uses sacks/bags with liners or other barriers to prevent reabsorption of ambient moisture during storage and transport.
ProcessingPost-harvest processing typically includes separation from stalks and drying (sun or mechanical) to a stable low-moisture state; subsequent steps may include cleaning, grading, and optional microbial reduction treatments (e.g., steam treatment or irradiation) depending on market requirements.
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Harvest at mature bud stage (green to pink) -> picking in clusters -> bud/stem separation -> drying -> cleaning/sieving -> grading (whole vs. headless/stems) -> bagging with moisture control -> export -> destination processing/packing and possible pathogen reduction treatment -> retail/food manufacturing.
Demand Drivers
- Household culinary demand concentrated in South Asia, the Middle East, and diaspora markets; cloves are used whole or ground in spice blends and cooking.
- Industrial demand for clove oil (eugenol) for flavor/fragrance and dental/pharmaceutical applications supports a secondary processing channel.
Temperature
- Dried cloves are shelf-stable but quality is highly sensitive to moisture uptake; storage should be cool, dry, and protected from humidity to reduce mould/mycotoxin risk and aroma loss.
Shelf Life
- Sri Lanka export guidance indicates well-dried cloves (about 8–10% moisture) can be stored in bags for roughly 1–2 years without fungus/insect damage under proper conditions.
- Ground cloves generally have faster aroma loss than whole cloves; buyers often prefer whole buds for longer storage and grind closer to use.
Risks
Supply Concentration HighGlobal clove supply is concentrated in a limited set of origins (notably Indonesia and several Indian Ocean producers). As a perennial tree crop, output and export availability can swing with weather timing, flowering cycles, and domestic demand, creating sharp volatility in global prices and fulfillment risk for importers.Qualify multiple origins (e.g., Indonesia plus at least one Indian Ocean origin), hold safety stock for key formulations, and use contracted quality specs with pre-shipment and arrival testing to reduce substitution/adulteration risk during tight markets.
Climate MediumCyclones, excessive rainfall, or drought in major producing regions can reduce yields and increase post-harvest drying challenges, raising mould and quality defect rates and tightening exportable supply.Monitor seasonal forecasts for the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia; adjust procurement timing and require documented drying and moisture-control practices from suppliers.
Food Safety MediumSpices and dried culinary herbs, including clove (a bud spice), can carry pathogens such as Salmonella and may also present mycotoxin risks if drying/storage are inadequate; outbreaks and border actions can disrupt trade flows and trigger recalls.Align supplier programs to Codex low-moisture food hygiene guidance; implement risk-based testing (e.g., Salmonella, mould/mycotoxins where relevant) and use validated microbial reduction treatments when products are used without a lethality step.
Quality Adulteration MediumQuality and value are sensitive to non-bud material (stems, headless cloves), excess extraneous matter, high moisture, or degraded volatile oil content; substitution and inconsistent grading can increase during tight supply years.Specify ISO-aligned defect limits and quality markers (moisture, extraneous matter, aroma/volatile oil proxies), and use third-party inspection with representative sampling.
Sustainability
- Climate vulnerability in key origins (e.g., cyclones in the southwest Indian Ocean; drought timing affecting flowering/harvest) can disrupt supply and quality.
- Smallholder-dominated production and long supply chains elevate traceability challenges and post-harvest loss risks if drying and storage are not well controlled.
- Land-use outcomes vary: clove can be grown in agroforestry systems, but expansion pressure and shifting cultivation risks depend on local governance and market incentives.
Labor & Social
- Historical controversy: 19th-century Zanzibar clove plantation economy was closely linked to enslavement and the Indian Ocean slave trade; modern buyers may flag origin narratives and require strong social compliance assurances.
- Occupational safety risk during harvest (tree climbing, repetitive picking) and informal labor arrangements can create social compliance and audit challenges in smallholder supply chains.
FAQ
Which countries are the leading global exporters of whole cloves in trade statistics?In HS 0907 trade statistics, ITC Trade Map lists Madagascar and Indonesia among the top exporters by quantity, with other significant exporters including Tanzania (United Republic of) and Comoros; United Arab Emirates and Singapore also appear as major re-export hubs.
Which countries are major import markets for whole cloves?ITC Trade Map lists India as the largest importer by value for HS 0907, with other major importers including Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.
When are the main harvest seasons in key clove origins?Zanzibar’s state clove authority describes two harvest seasons (Jul–Nov and Dec–Mar). Sri Lanka’s Department of Export Agriculture describes a typical harvest period from December through April, and Madagascar sources commonly describe harvesting roughly from October through March; PROSEA notes Indonesia’s main season shifts substantially by region (from about May–Jun in parts of Java to Nov–Dec in parts of Maluku).
Sources
Fresh Whole Clove Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Fresh Whole Clove market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
Indonesia
Madagascar
India
Singapore
Tanzania
United Arab Emirates
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Malaysia
United States
Brazil
All country market pages: Indonesia, Madagascar, India, Singapore, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Netherlands, Vietnam, Spain, United Kingdom, Kenya, Austria, Thailand, Australia, Poland, Russia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Peru, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Egypt, Ecuador, France, Japan, Canada, Turkiye, Lithuania, Serbia, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Ethiopia, Oman, Botswana, South Africa, Morocco, Estonia, Qatar, Romania, Uzbekistan, South Korea, Greece, Chile, Croatia, Belgium, Jordan, Sweden, Bahrain, Portugal, Slovakia, Czechia, Mexico, Norway, Ireland, Ukraine, Switzerland, Guatemala, Hungary, Maldives, Nicaragua, Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Brunei, Bolivia, Bahamas, Belize, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Fiji, Gabon, Hong Kong, Honduras, Israel, Iran, Iceland, Jamaica, Liberia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Mongolia, Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Slovenia, Senegal, El Salvador, Swaziland, Tunisia, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Uganda, Uruguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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