Agricultural resources are the backbone of Thai exports, making climate change a threat to the Thai economy. Thailand's capital and the country's major ports are located along the coastline, making Thai exports vulnerable to any natural disaster. Floods and droughts are dominant hazards for Thailand’s agriculture due to their potential effect on crops. In recent years, Thailand has faced an increased frequency of floods, affecting the agricultural sector.
Thailand’s 2022 summer season started early in mid-February, despite being set to begin on March 2. Thai summer starts when the highest nationwide temperature exceeds 35°C, which has been high for weeks. Since mid-February, Thailand has experienced summer storms with thunderstorms, gusty winds, and hail. The provinces along the Gulf of Thailand face floods and damage to crops. According to the Thai Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Department, the most affected provinces are Muang, Mai Kaen, Nong Chik, and Sai Buri. Water levels have only started to recede in these provinces in the second week of March.
Climate abnormalities are causing problems for Thai producers since their fruit season changes, and their crops get damaged. According to Tridge's Engagement Manager in Thailand, Danaiwat Jaidech, summer storms have already affected the two sensitive Thai fruits for the upcoming season, mangoes and mangosteens. Humidity caused by heavy rains has produced black mold on mango skins, forcing producers to dispose of affected crops and creating an economic loss for the industry. Mangosteen trees are currently holding young fruits that are dropping to the ground from the storms, which will decrease the supply when it is time to harvest. Additionally, mangosteens usually flower during the dry season in March-April, but this year’s flowering will be delayed to July-August, stimulating flowering expected to occur in October. Heavy rains make crops more prone to damage and pests, producing lower-quality fruits. The lower quality of the fruit has prevented its export to destinations like Japan and South Korea. Fruits that do not meet the quality standard for export will be sold in the local market for a lower price.
Unfortunately, this unfavorable weather is expected to continue. Predictions state that from March to May this year, Thailand will encounter 10% more rainfall than in previous years, which will affect crops. Forecasts indicate that Thailand will also experience hailstorms in some regions. A depression or cyclone is also expected over the Andaman coast in late April-early May, which will bring heavy rains and floods. However, temperatures in Thailand will not face a major variation from previous years. The Royal Irrigation Department states that Thailand should be prepared for floods and advises producers to protect their crops and prepare for crop damage.
