Vietnam's pangasius supply share in the global market has declined due to increased competition, with production dropping from 99% of the global total in 2015 to 52% in 2023. The cost of farming in Vietnam is high, leading to a decrease in exports from US$2.4 billion in 2022 to US$1.8 billion, with farmers losing money on every kilogram of pangasius sold. Other countries, such as Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, and China, are expected to increase their pangasius production significantly, requiring Vietnam to make production regulatory changes and improve trade and market structure.