Since late March 2024, the United States has been grappling with the rare emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in dairy cows, with instances of the virus also affecting various animals and one human infection. This situation has prompted a collaborative investigation by the USDA, FDA, CDC, and state officials, focusing on the virus's source, believed to be wild migratory birds, and its spread. Despite the unusual transmission to mammals, the public risk is considered low, with no significant impact on milk supply or consumer prices. The USDA is emphasizing biosecurity measures for farmers, the development of vaccines for poultry, and the exploration of a bovine vaccine, while also ensuring the safety of the meat supply through rigorous inspections. The agency advises against mandatory H5N1 testing in cattle but encourages it before interstate movements, with a commitment to transparency in reporting confirmed cases.