The French Ministry of Agriculture has increased the risk level for avian influenza due to a surge in cases in neighboring countries and four outbreaks on French farms this summer. France has launched a second vaccination campaign for duck farms, following a successful first campaign last year. The World Organization for Animal Health reported a rare outbreak of the highly pathogenic H7N5 strain in western Germany in July. The disease, which can spread through bird droppings and saliva, is now common in wild bird populations, making mass culling less effective. The spread of the disease in the poultry industry is influenced by human activity and trade.