Russian flour millers are finding it difficult to compete in new markets, particularly in Central Asia and the Middle East, due to the purchasing policy of Kazakh traders. This issue was exacerbated by the Russian government's duty-free ban on wheat exports to EAEU countries, which was in place from March to July 2022. During this period, Russian flour millers made significant shipments to these markets, but since the ban's end, buyers have shifted back to Kazakh flour. The high transit railway tariffs imposed by Kazakhstan are also disadvantaging Russian flour millers.