The Indonesian government has increased its export levy on crude palm oil (CPO) from 7.5% to 10% of the reference price, in order to finance its national biodiesel programme and support replanting efforts in the palm oil sector. This levy also applies to other palm oil derivatives. The decision, part of the country's ambitious B40 biodiesel policy, has raised concerns about Indonesia's global competitiveness. Despite these concerns, the government is pushing forward with its biodiesel targets, citing energy security and support for smallholder farmers as priorities. The B40 programme is expected to have significant economic and environmental benefits, including a reduction in fuel imports and an increase in CPO's added value.