A recent study by AgResearch scientists found that the carbon footprint of New Zealand's wild-caught seafood, such as hoki and orange roughy, is relatively small compared to other animal-based protein sources. The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions from the seafood industry are fuel and refrigerant use, packaging, and the life cycle of the vessel. The research was commissioned by Seafood New Zealand's Deepwater Council to help the industry understand its carbon footprint and find ways to reduce energy consumption.