The European eel population in the Mediterranean is at risk due to threats such as climate change, habitat loss, and overfishing. The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) has responded by pioneering a comprehensive research program and implementing a management plan to promote the recovery of the eel population. The plan includes partial closure of eel fisheries, a ban on recreational eel fishing, and the establishment of a monitoring network to identify effective management measures.