Mauritania has conducted its first large-scale wheat cultivation experiment, covering 200 hectares in the commune of Rosso, in a bid to diversify its cereal sources and reduce dependence on imports. The initiative, a collaboration between the government and two private agricultural companies, saw the cultivation of two wheat varieties, yielding between 4 and 5 tonnes per hectare. The project, which aims to make wheat cultivation more sustainable and efficient than rice, faces challenges such as profitability, workforce training, and land mobilization. Success could significantly transform Mauritania's food self-sufficiency and economic landscape, given its high reliance on wheat imports.