The Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) is investigating the spread of Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium that causes disease in host plants, in two Dutch companies that received a shipment of infected rosemary plants from Portugal. The bacterium, transmitted by cicadas, poses a significant risk to plant life and has prompted the NVWA to implement European control measures. The source of the contamination was identified in Portugal during an official examination of an apparently healthy batch of rosemary plants. The NVWA is working to trace the source of the infection and prevent its spread, with potential measures including a trade freeze if the bacterium is found to have spread beyond the initial shipment.