Greenhouse horticulture has seen a decrease in energy usage by around 25% in 2022 compared to 2021, largely due to higher energy prices, mild weather, and vacancy. Rabobank predicts a 5-10% decrease in greenhouse vegetable production in 2023, particularly in tomatoes and cucumbers grown under artificial light, with the largest decrease in the first quarter. The production of peppers and strawberries is also expected to decrease, leading to a shift in trade to the second and third quarters. This will result in challenges such as increased labor peaks, overstaffing, and higher costs for companies in the vegetable trade. There is not expected to be a significant change in foreign supply for vegetables and plants, but more Spanish tomatoes may be available in the winter.