The USPOULTRY Foundation and North Carolina State University have completed a study funded by Prestage Farms on using nontoxic segments of C. septicum alpha toxin as a vaccine against Clostridial dermatitis in turkeys. The research identified two probiotic Lactococcus lactis-based vaccines expressing ntATX antigens, which protected turkeys against the disease when administered via parenteral and oral routes. Clostridial dermatitis, caused by Clostridium septicum, is a significant economic problem for the poultry industry.