A recent report by the Environment Agency (EA) and Cefas in the UK has revealed record low levels of Atlantic salmon stocks in England, with 90% of principal rivers classified as 'at risk' or 'probably at risk'. This decline is part of a larger international trend, with similar findings in Ireland, Iceland, Sweden, and Canada. Factors contributing to this include agricultural pollution, sedimentation, chemical runoff, migration barriers, water scarcity, and climate change. The EA and Natural England are calling for action from various sectors to protect salmon, and are also exploring the causes of the decline through international initiatives like NASCO and the Missing Salmon Alliance. Despite the overall decline, some improvement has been noted in individual rivers due to fish passage improvements and water quality changes.