A recent report by the Environment Agency (EA) and Cefas reveals that Atlantic salmon stocks in England are at an all-time low, with 90% of principal rivers facing significant risk. This decline, seen in countries like Ireland, Iceland, Sweden, and Canada, is attributed to factors such as agricultural pollution, sedimentation, chemical runoff, migration barriers, water scarcity, and climate change. The EA and Natural England are calling for action from various sectors to protect salmon and indicate that the government's Water (Special Measures) Bill will enhance enforcement powers against polluters. Despite challenges, initiatives like the largest fish pass in the UK and the 'Unlocking the Severn' project have improved water quality and fish migration, offering hope for the recovery of salmon populations.