Ukraine, one of the world's largest agricultural exporters, has seen a significant decrease in crop yields due to the ongoing conflict with Russia. A study published in Environmental Research Letters found a 20% drop in wheat yields in the partially occupied Kherson region. Other research suggests that the average production of wheat and other crops in war-torn areas of Ukraine has decreased by 37% compared to pre-war levels. The lack of regular fertilization and irrigation is identified as the primary cause of grain loss, although land mines, military fortifications, and destruction of agricultural infrastructure may also contribute. The Ukrainian Grain Association predicts that total wheat production will not surpass 23 million tonnes in the 2024/25 season, marking a significant decline from the 33 million tonnes produced before the invasion.