Large businessmen in Pakistan are seeking official permission to use genetically modified products for vegetable oil and animal feed, but their efforts have not been successful. Farmers in Pakistan have previously attempted to use GMO and hybrid cotton cake in livestock feed, but animals suffered from pulmonary diseases, leading to the abandonment of the idea. Many small farmers believe that the use of GMO cottonseed cake is causing disease in cattle, and studies in Russia have shown negative effects of GMO products on animals' vital signs and reproductive function.