The United States has initiated a dispute with Canada over the sale of American dairy products in Canada, marking the first significant trade conflict between the two countries post-NAFTA. U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai has requested a dispute settlement panel to investigate allegations that Canada is denying American producers fair access to the Canadian market. The dispute stems from Canada's distribution of tariff-rate quotas for dairy products, which U.S. trade officials and the dairy industry assert is being improperly allocated to processors, denying U.S. farmers' fair share of the Canadian market. Despite ongoing discussions, the dispute remains unresolved, with the U.S. arguing that Canada's actions contradict the USMCA agreement, while Canada insists its policies are in compliance. This dispute joins the long-standing softwood lumber dispute as one of the most prominent trade disputes between the two countries.