Key European milk producers, Germany and France, are struggling with adverse weather, high production costs, and environmental regulations, leading to a decline in herd size despite slight productivity gains. In contrast, the US sees stable cow numbers, maintaining raw milk production levels. New Zealand experienced a significant 9.2% increase in milk production in July, with modest growth expected. Globally, milk supply remains stable with regional variations. The Global Dairy Trade index rose 31% year-on-year, but dairy product prices like Cheddar cheese and milk powders are average, reflecting limited demand. China's weak demand and low milk prices are reducing cow numbers and production, and an anti-subsidy probe into EU dairy imports may redirect trade to New Zealand, Australia, or the UK, though a surge in Chinese imports is unlikely.