Pepper prices are expected to rise due to a temporary supply shortage from Vietnam and a decrease in production in Indonesia, Brazil, and possibly Vietnam due to weather and climate change. Despite these positive signals, high and unstable logistics costs could make Vietnamese pepper non-competitive in the US market. The Vietnam Pepper Association (VPA) has warned of the risk of losing key markets to competitors due to these high logistics costs. The COVID-19 pandemic could also affect Vietnam's pepper exports in the future.