A recent study by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (Conicet) in Argentina has unraveled the molecular mechanism behind the bovine leukosis virus (BLV) causing tumors in cattle, particularly lymphoma. This finding is crucial as there is no commercial treatment or vaccine for the pathogen, leading to significant economic losses. The study, published in Plos One, suggests that small molecules called microRNAs synthesized by the virus might be the key to tumor induction by downregulating a molecule with antitumor properties (PXDN). This discovery is a significant step towards developing prevention or treatment strategies for bovine lymphoma.