[By Cho Seong-je, Korea Farmers' Newspaper] The Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Institute urged careful management of vineyards during high-temperature periods to ensure stable grape production, as early heat waves have increased physiological disorders such as grape axial disease and sunburn symptoms. Axial disease occurs when temperatures exceed 33°C, causing increased transpiration that deprives fruits of moisture and creates uneven, sunken surfaces that reduce marketability. Sunburn symptoms refer to plant tissues like leaves and fruits dying due to high temperatures and intense sunlight, also known as heat damage. When affected by these symptoms, grape clusters lose their commercial value due to poor shape, and in cases where entire clusters are damaged,