Brazil has reported a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or 'mad cow disease') in a 9-year-old male cow from a herd of 160, leading to concerns from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) and U.S. Sen. Steve Daines about the country's compliance with World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) requirements on reporting such cases. This concern is compounded by the potential economic impact on Brazil, given that China, its largest beef export market, has threatened to halt imports following the confirmation of BSE. The article highlights the need for swift action from the USDA and calls for a suspension of Brazilian beef imports, citing last year's significant surge in these imports as context for the broader implications of the current situation.