China, the world's leading importer of many agricultural commodities, has implemented its first food security law to achieve self-sufficiency in basic grains. The law, passed quickly to address production challenges like arable land, water, labor, and technology shortages, aims to guide local governments and the agricultural sector to increase food production and protect agricultural land and germplasm resources. The law also imposes severe fines for violations and outlines a national cereal emergency plan and food security monitoring system. While some analysts suggest the law may not significantly impact how China boosts food production in the short term, they caution that the actions of the world's largest grain importer should not be overlooked.