The European Commission has initiated a challenge at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) against an investigation by China into subsidies provided to European dairy producers, including an Irish scheme named the 'Dairy Equipment Subsidy Scheme'. This action is in response to China's assertions that certain EU dairy products are harming China's domestic dairy industry. This situation is part of a broader series of trade disputes between China and the EU, with the EU also planning to impose countervailing duties on Chinese electric vehicles. The commission's decision to refer the issue to the WTO signifies its effort to safeguard the interests of the EU dairy industry and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) against what it perceives as baseless and under-evidenced trade defence measures by China.