The live sheep export industry in Australia has seen a decline in recent years, with a peak of 7.6 million head in 1987 dropping to about 500,000 in the last year. This decrease is due to several factors, including the introduction of the Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System (ESCAS) in the Middle East and North Africa, a northern hemisphere moratorium, and a severe drought in the Eastern States. The moratorium has led to an oversupply of sheep in Western Australia and a potential discount for farmers. However, the industry has also seen an increase in slaughter numbers due to the proposed phase-out of live sheep exports. Changes in Australia's sheep flock composition and competition from lower-cost markets in the Middle East and North Africa have also impacted the industry. Despite these challenges, Saudi Arabia, a major market, is considering reopening, which could potentially double current sheep export numbers from Western Australia.