The Malaysian palm oil market is expected to remain uncertain and grow slightly in 2023 due to global economic slowdown, weather uncertainties, and war in Ukraine, according to the Malaysian Palm Oil Board. Lower CPO prices are anticipated due to higher supply of global oils and fats, but production recovery is also expected. The market remains uncertain due to potential impacts of La Nina, lower-than-expected CPO yield, and higher biodiesel mandate by Indonesia. Challenges such as amendment of Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), European Green Deal, and allegations of forced labour practices continue to affect the industry. Labour shortage has led to mechanisation, automation, and digitalisation of processes, but requires heavy capital investment.