In 2023, Italy faced a severe impact from African Swine Fever (ASF), with 31 confirmed outbreaks leading to the culling of nearly 100,000 pigs, marking the worst situation since ASF's arrival in 2022. Lombardy, Italy's largest pig-producing region, was the most affected, with 22 outbreaks and 75,000 pigs culled, particularly in Pavia, Lodi, and Milan. Piedmont saw 8 outbreaks, resulting in the culling of over 23,600 pigs, a significant rise from the previous year. Emilia-Romagna reported one outbreak, having been ASF-free the year before.