Raw Materials
Cow Milk, Salt
HS Code
040690
Last Updated
2026-07-29
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese market coverage spans 134 countries.
- 51 exporter companies and 38 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 204 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 5 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 0; farmgate sample entries: 0.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2024.
- Page data last updated on 2026-07-29.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese
Analyze 204 supplier-linked transactions across the top 5 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese.
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese: Italy (+53.3%), Mexico (+42.8%), New Zealand (+8.3%).
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-08, benchmark Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2026-01, countries with visible Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese transaction unit prices: Mexico (20.37 USD / kg), United States (13.06 USD / kg).
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 | 2026-05 | 2026-06 | 2026-07 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | +2.8% | 169 | 9.78 USD / kg (17,577.6 kg) | 9.23 USD / kg (10,067.04 kg) | 11.59 USD / kg (21,324.25 kg) | 11.38 USD / kg (8,701.9 kg) | 10.09 USD / kg (5,561.469 kg) | 13.06 USD / kg (17,286.04 kg) | ||||||
| New Zealand | +8.3% | 24 | 5.36 USD / kg (24,360 kg) | - (-) | 5.34 USD / kg (14,350 kg) | 5.57 USD / kg (9,830 kg) | 5.37 USD / kg (15,150 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| Mexico | +42.8% | 6 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 20.13 USD / kg (45.36 kg) | 20.37 USD / kg (22.68 kg) | ||||||
| Canada | -0.4% | 4 | 5.61 USD / kg (18,779.869 kg) | 5.35 USD / kg (18,500.32 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | 5.39 USD / kg (18,582.551 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| Italy | +53.3% | 1 | 23.04 USD / kg (7.14 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) |
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Global Supply Chain Coverage
89 companies
51 exporters and 38 importers are mapped for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
51 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 51 total exporter companies in the Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(United States)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-06-29
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: Costa Rica, Panama
Supplying Products: Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese, Parmesan Peppercorn Dressing, Tea Extract
(United States)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-07-14
Recently Export Partner Companies: 2
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: South Korea, Mexico, Philippines, Ecuador, Colombia, Vietnam
Supplying Products: Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese, Cheddar Cheese, Cheddar Sauce +5
(United States)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-17
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingFood ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleFood Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: Costa Rica
Supplying Products: Parmesan Cheese, Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese, Grated Parmesan Cheese +1
(Italy)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-06-29
Industries: Food Services And Drinking PlacesOthers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleLogisticsOthers
Exporting Countries: United States
Supplying Products: Pecorino Romano Cheese, Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese
(Switzerland)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-06-29
Industries: Food ManufacturingFood Services And Drinking PlacesFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleTrade
Exporting Countries: Russia
Supplying Products: White Sugar, Gouda Cheese, Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese +5
(United States)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-04-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 2
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingFood ManufacturingFood PackagingOthers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleFood Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: Philippines, India, South Korea, Mexico, Vietnam
Supplying Products: Cheddar Cheese, Probiotics, Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese +5
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Global Exporter Coverage
51 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese (HS Code 040690) in 2024
For Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | 737,774,138.112 kg | 4,211,116,497.527 USD |
| 2 | Italy | 217,024,720 kg | 2,609,661,122.166 USD |
| 3 | Germany | 417,419,804 kg | 2,222,965,223.524 USD |
| 4 | Ireland | 247,445,587.313 kg | 1,223,545,693.976 USD |
| 5 | Greece | 122,656,101 kg | 1,038,059,425.26 USD |
| 6 | United States | 207,838,543 kg | 1,011,187,018 USD |
| 7 | Denmark | 153,793,228.112 kg | 835,721,785.979 USD |
| 8 | New Zealand | 190,258,902 kg | 835,285,954.083 USD |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 125,057,873.196 kg | 776,890,017.793 USD |
| 10 | Switzerland | 58,265,847.154 kg | 723,115,600.317 USD |
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
38 importer companies are mapped for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 38 total importer companies tracked for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(South Korea)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-04-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: -
(Indonesia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-06-29
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Denmark
(Philippines)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-18
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-06-29
Industries: Animal ProductionFood ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Mexico)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-08-19
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 50M - 100M
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: United States, Canada, Peru, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
(United States)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-06-29
Recently Import Partner Companies: 2
Employee Size: Over 1000 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD Over 1B
Industries: Animal ProductionBrokers And Trade AgenciesFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
38 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese (HS Code 040690) in 2024
For Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 658,577,513.513 kg | 4,538,749,778.826 USD |
| 2 | United States | 178,906,040 kg | 1,739,637,367 USD |
| 3 | Italy | 297,408,611.598 kg | 1,599,338,980.795 USD |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 193,337,480.082 kg | 1,354,394,600.133 USD |
| 5 | Belgium | 211,969,819.717 kg | 1,243,683,094.066 USD |
| 6 | Netherlands | 229,704,270.691 kg | 1,117,060,884.598 USD |
| 7 | Japan | 169,667,027 kg | 807,930,850.88 USD |
| 8 | Mexico | 128,840,000.239 kg | 655,432,899 USD |
| 9 | Greece | 120,254,871 kg | 616,495,637.156 USD |
| 10 | Sweden | 106,892,643.532 kg | 580,636,401.796 USD |
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Classification
Product TypeProcessed Food
Product FormAged Hard Cheese (Grating Cheese)
Industry PositionValue-Added Dairy Product
Market
Cow’s milk Romano cheese is an aged, hard grating cheese traded within the broader international cheese category rather than as a consistently distinct customs line item. Global cheese production and export capacity is concentrated in the European Union (notably Germany, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Italy), with New Zealand and the United States also important exporters in global cheese trade. Romano-style cheeses compete in the hard-grating segment alongside Parmesan-type products, and pricing and availability are closely linked to milk supply cycles, butterfat/protein markets, and inventory tied up in aging. Buyer specifications commonly reference moisture and fat-in-solids limits and minimum curing/aging requirements, alongside food safety and additive compliance expectations.
Market GrowthNot Mentioned
Major Producing Countries
- United StatesLarge cheese-producing country; Romano-style cheeses are produced for domestic use and export within the broader cheese category.
- GermanyMajor global cheese producer and exporter within HS 0406 trade flows.
- FranceMajor cheese producer and exporter within HS 0406 trade flows.
- NetherlandsMajor cheese producer and exporter; strong re-export and distribution role in European trade.
- ItalyMajor cheese producer and exporter; key origin for hard-aged grating cheese traditions and related specifications.
- New ZealandSignificant dairy exporter; participates in global cheese exports as an origin for internationally traded dairy products.
Major Exporting Countries
- GermanyAmong leading global exporters of cheese under HS 0406 (product-level trade typically aggregated).
- NetherlandsAmong leading global exporters of cheese under HS 0406; also a distribution and re-export hub.
- FranceAmong leading global exporters of cheese under HS 0406.
- IrelandSignificant exporter of dairy and cheese products in global trade.
- ItalyMajor exporter of value-added cheeses; hard-aged cheeses are a key traded segment.
- New ZealandMajor dairy exporter with globally traded cheese shipments.
Major Importing Countries
- United KingdomMajor cheese importing market in global HS 0406 trade flows.
- United StatesMajor cheese importing market; imports include grated/powdered and hard cheese categories.
- GermanyLarge importing market alongside being a major exporter; substantial intra-European trade.
- FranceLarge importing market alongside being a major exporter; substantial intra-European trade.
- ItalySignificant importer alongside domestic production; trade includes intra-European flows.
- JapanMajor non-European import market for cheese; demand includes hard/grating cheeses for retail and foodservice.
Specification
Major VarietiesRomano cheese made from cow's milk (Vaccino/Vacchino labeling terminology used in some regulations)
Physical Attributes
- Hard, brittle/granular texture; designed to grate readily
- Typically pale to light yellow interior; firm body suitable for shredding and grating
Compositional Metrics
- Buyer specs often reference maximum moisture and minimum milkfat in solids; one published benchmark (US standard of identity) specifies moisture not more than 34% and milkfat in solids not less than 38%, with curing not less than 5 months
- Salt content and maturity/age are key commercial parameters affecting flavor intensity and grating performance
Grades
- Contract specifications commonly cover age/maturity, moisture, fat-in-solids, sensory profile, and microbiological criteria; standardized definitions may vary by market
Packaging
- Vacuum-sealed blocks/wedges for retail and foodservice
- Grated/shredded formats in pouches or tubs (often with anti-caking systems depending on format)
ProcessingExtended curing/aging enables flavor development and low-moisture, hard texture suited to gratingGrated formats prioritize particle size uniformity and moisture control to reduce caking and mold growth
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Milk collection and testing -> standardization -> starter culture and rennet coagulation -> curd cutting/cooking -> molding/pressing -> brining/dry salting -> curing/aging -> optional grating/shredding -> packaging and metal detection -> refrigerated distribution
Demand Drivers
- Foodservice and home cooking demand for hard grating cheeses (pasta, pizza, baked dishes)
- Private label retail demand for grated cheese formats and consistent specification compliance
Temperature
- Refrigerated storage and distribution are standard to protect quality and manage mold risk, especially after opening
- Temperature abuse can cause sweating/oiling-off, quality defects, and shorter usable life after packaging is opened
Shelf Life
- Hard aged cheeses generally have longer shelf life than fresh cheeses; grated formats depend strongly on moisture control, packaging integrity, and post-opening handling
Risks
Animal Disease And Trade Restrictions HighOutbreaks of transboundary livestock diseases (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease) can trigger movement controls and import restrictions affecting milk supply availability, processing continuity, and international dairy trade, including cheese shipments.Diversify origin sourcing, strengthen veterinary assurance and biosecurity requirements, and maintain validated traceability and contingency supply plans for key customers.
Input Cost Volatility MediumMilk prices and component values (butterfat/protein) fluctuate with feed costs, weather-driven forage yields, and policy dynamics, influencing cheese manufacturing margins and contract pricing for hard aged cheeses.Use indexed pricing or hedging where available, align contract terms to milk component markets, and manage inventory/aging schedules to reduce exposure.
Food Safety MediumCheese supply chains face food safety risks from pathogens and post-process contamination; grated formats add additional handling steps that can increase contamination exposure if hygienic design and controls are weak.Apply validated HACCP controls, environmental monitoring, robust sanitation programs, and supplier verification for cultures, enzymes, and packaging materials.
Regulatory Compliance And Labeling MediumCheese naming, composition claims, and additive permissions vary by jurisdiction; product sold as 'Romano' may be subject to market-specific identity standards, labeling language requirements, and additive limits.Maintain market-by-market label reviews, confirm additive permissions against Codex GSFA and local rules, and keep specification documentation aligned to destination requirements.
Quality Degradation In Distribution LowMoisture pickup, temperature abuse, and packaging failures can cause caking, mold, off-flavors, and reduced grating performance, particularly for grated/shredded retail formats.Specify packaging barrier performance, control moisture and particle size, and enforce cold-chain and stock-rotation discipline through distribution partners.
Sustainability
- Greenhouse gas footprint associated with dairy cattle (enteric methane) and feed supply chains
- Manure and nutrient management (water quality and ammonia) near concentrated dairy regions
- Energy intensity of refrigeration, aging storage, and global cold-chain logistics
- Packaging waste from retail grated cheese formats (multi-layer plastics) and recycling constraints
Labor & Social
- Worker safety in dairy farming and cheese processing (machinery, confined spaces, chemical sanitation systems)
- Labor standards and recruitment practices in dairy supply chains, including migrant/contract labor risks in some producing regions
FAQ
What does a commonly cited benchmark specification for Romano cheese say about moisture, fat, and curing time?One published benchmark used in the U.S. standard of identity describes Romano cheese as a hard cheese that grates readily, with moisture not more than 34%, milkfat in the solids not less than 38%, and a curing period of at least 5 months; it also specifies labeling language when the cheese is made solely from cow’s milk.
How is Romano cheese usually captured in customs trade statistics?Romano cheese is typically reported within aggregated cheese customs categories rather than a unique global line item; trade is commonly tracked under HS Chapter 04 for dairy, especially HS 0406 for cheese, and grated or powdered cheese is often included in HS 040620 in datasets such as ITC Trade Map.
Are preservatives like natamycin permitted for cheese under Codex guidance?Codex’s General Standard for Food Additives lists natamycin (INS 235) as permitted for categories including ripened cheese, with specific maximum levels and notes shown in the GSFA online database; buyers still need to confirm destination-market rules and any product-type limitations.
Sources
Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Cow’s Milk Romano Cheese market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: Germany, France, Mexico, Netherlands, Uzbekistan, Italy, United States, Spain, New Zealand, Philippines, Japan, Poland, China, Ireland, Denmark, South Korea, Belgium, Panama, Uruguay, Vietnam, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Norway, Bahrain, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Peru, Greece, United Kingdom, Australia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Bolivia, Czechia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Sweden, Ecuador, Slovakia, Oman, Turkiye, Cyprus, El Salvador, Kuwait, Lithuania, India, Bulgaria, Malaysia, Romania, Singapore, Canada, South Africa, Estonia, Croatia, Portugal, Finland, Morocco, Honduras, Qatar, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Chile, Jamaica, Jordan, Andorra, Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Brunei, Brazil, Bahamas, Botswana, Belize, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Guatemala, Israel, Iran, Iceland, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Mongolia, Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Paraguay, Serbia, Slovenia, Senegal, Swaziland, Togo, Thailand, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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