Sub Product
Derived Products
HS Code
070992
Last Updated
2026-04-04
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Fresh Olive market coverage spans 117 countries.
- 350 exporter companies and 352 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 361 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 19 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 0.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-04-04.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Fresh Olive
Analyze 361 supplier-linked transactions across the top 19 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Fresh Olive.
Fresh Olive Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Fresh Olive to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Fresh Olive: United States (+148.7%), Portugal (-74.8%), Mexico (-70.3%).
Fresh Olive Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Fresh Olive country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Olive transaction unit prices: United States (10.56 USD / kg), Brazil (6.96 USD / kg), Germany (5.12 USD / kg), Italy (3.05 USD / kg), South Africa (2.80 USD / kg), 8 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | +0.6% | 72 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 3.51 USD / kg (207,470 kg) | 3.05 USD / kg (246,080 kg) | ||||||
| Greece | -24.3% | 40 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 2.33 USD / kg (332,480 kg) | 2.33 USD / kg (75,950 kg) | ||||||
| Spain | -62.8% | 26 | - (-) | - (-) | 2.64 USD / kg (37,346.4 kg) | - (-) | 2.22 USD / kg (41,585 kg) | 2.21 USD / kg (42,677.41 kg) | ||||||
| Turkiye | -29.9% | 17 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 1.53 USD / kg (171,360 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| Lebanon | -22.7% | 5 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 2.77 USD / kg (1,475 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| France | +4.2% | 1 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | ||||||
| India | -26.0% | 50 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 1.12 USD / kg (432.8 kg) | 1.27 USD / kg (1,065.8 kg) | ||||||
| Brazil | +6.0% | 13 | 5.79 USD / kg (564 kg) | - (-) | 6.70 USD / kg (342 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | 6.96 USD / kg (180 kg) | ||||||
| Peru | +65.1% | 73 | 4.54 USD / kg (40,094.38 kg) | 1.09 USD / kg (24,198 kg) | 4.30 USD / kg (6,190.52 kg) | 3.74 USD / kg (7,362.67 kg) | 4.94 USD / kg (52,396.6 kg) | 2.74 USD / kg (59,930.47 kg) | ||||||
| United Arab Emirates | -16.3% | 8 | 1.01 USD / kg (17.1 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 0.34 USD / kg (62 kg) |
Fresh Olive Global Supply Chain Coverage
702 companies
350 exporters and 352 importers are mapped for Fresh Olive.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Fresh Olive, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Fresh Olive Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
350 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Fresh Olive. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Fresh Olive Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 350 total exporter companies in the Fresh Olive supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Syria)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: United States
Supplying Products: Fresh Olive, Fresh Gaeta Olives
(Turkiye)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / Wholesale
Exporting Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Supplying Products: Fresh Olive, Olive Oil, Long Life Fruit Juice Drink +5
(Spain)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Freight Forwarding And Intermodal
Value Chain Roles: Logistics
(Tunisia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Trade
(Turkiye)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / Wholesale
(Spain)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-04
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Crop ProductionFood ManufacturingFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingFood ManufacturingDistribution / Wholesale
Fresh Olive Global Exporter Coverage
350 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Fresh Olive supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Fresh Olive opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Fresh Olive (HS Code 070992) in 2024
For Fresh Olive in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portugal | 60,704,319.047 kg | 62,732,022.215 USD | View → |
| 2 | Spain | 27,711,552.47 kg | 29,640,877.529 USD | View → |
| 3 | Netherlands | 1,306,347.763 kg | 10,971,795.233 USD | View → |
| 4 | Greece | 2,697,092 kg | 9,517,772.948 USD | View → |
| 5 | Italy | 1,655,262 kg | 7,123,590.666 USD | View → |
| 6 | United States | 326,070 kg | 1,145,465 USD | View → |
| 7 | Egypt | 273,479.265 kg | 930,364.12 USD | View → |
| 8 | Denmark | 277,981 kg | 836,264.485 USD | View → |
| 9 | Turkiye | 359,103 kg | 485,541 USD | View → |
| 10 | Sweden | 74,870.05 kg | 464,152.94 USD | View → |
Fresh Olive Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Fresh Olive exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Fresh Olive Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
352 importer companies are mapped for Fresh Olive demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Fresh Olive Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 352 total importer companies tracked for Fresh Olive. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(Sri Lanka)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Netherlands)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Food ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: Turkiye
(Syria)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Brokers And Trade Agencies
Value Chain Roles: -
(Georgia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Employee Size: 501 - 1000 Employees
Industries: Food ManufacturingCrop ProductionAnimal Production
Value Chain Roles: Uzbekistan
(Chile)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Turkmenistan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-04
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
352 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Fresh Olive.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Fresh Olive buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Fresh Olive (HS Code 070992) in 2024
For Fresh Olive in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portugal | 43,677,145 kg | 42,973,545.751 USD | View → |
| 2 | Spain | 37,632,955.2 kg | 34,607,538.25 USD | View → |
| 3 | Italy | 11,224,380 kg | 27,774,061.196 USD | View → |
| 4 | Netherlands | 4,332,894 kg | 12,970,718.149 USD | View → |
| 5 | Poland | 2,273,005 kg | 6,635,373 USD | View → |
| 6 | United States | 3,265,020 kg | 4,097,996 USD | View → |
| 7 | Belgium | 539,322.67 kg | 3,761,388.714 USD | View → |
| 8 | Germany | 753,295 kg | 3,119,186.692 USD | View → |
| 9 | Sweden | 338,155.769 kg | 1,643,413.681 USD | View → |
| 10 | Denmark | 266,222 kg | 1,203,375.051 USD | View → |
Fresh Olive Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Fresh Olive origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Fresh Olive
Fresh Olive Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Fresh Olive wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Olive wholesale unit prices: Italy (2.67 USD / kg), Spain (2.03 USD / kg), Turkiye (1.31 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1.97 USD / kg | 2.02 USD / kg | 2.04 USD / kg | 2.04 USD / kg | 2.05 USD / kg | 2.03 USD / kg | ||||||
| Italy | - | - | - | - | 2.74 USD / kg | 2.67 USD / kg | ||||||
| Turkiye | - | 1.50 USD / kg | 1.73 USD / kg | 1.35 USD / kg | 1.71 USD / kg | 1.31 USD / kg | ||||||
| Australia | 2.66 USD / kg | 2.65 USD / kg | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Argentina | 1.86 USD / kg | - | - | - | - | - |
Fresh Olive Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Fresh Olive wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 5 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
| Rank | Country | Average | Lower | Upper | YoY | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | 2.02 USD / kg | 1.83 USD / kg | 2.09 USD / kg | +7.8% | View → |
| 2 | Italy | 2.69 USD / kg | 2.64 USD / kg | 2.84 USD / kg | -3.5% | View → |
| 3 | Turkiye | 1.47 USD / kg | 0.49 USD / kg | 2.42 USD / kg | -6.0% | View → |
| 4 | Australia | 2.72 USD / kg | 2.39 USD / kg | 3.11 USD / kg | +43.4% | View → |
| 5 | Argentina | 2.26 USD / kg | 1.86 USD / kg | 2.61 USD / kg | - | View → |
Latest Fresh Olive Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Fresh Olive wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-01 | OLI** * ******* ********* | 2.03 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | OTR** ********************* ********* * | 7.33 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | ÜVE************* ***** * ******* ************************* | 1.58 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | 橄欖 * ***** *** | 1.07 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | 橄欖 * ***** *** | 0.44 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormFresh
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupTree fruit (oil-bearing and table fruit)
Scientific NameOlea europaea
PerishabilityHigh
Growing Conditions
- Mediterranean-type climates with hot, dry summers and mild winters; production is widely concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin.
- Well-drained soils are preferred; water management is critical in arid and semi-arid zones, especially in intensive orchard systems.
- Perennial orchard systems; yields and quality are sensitive to heat stress and drought during flowering and fruit development.
Main VarietiesTable-olive cultivars (e.g., Manzanilla, Hojiblanca, Gordal, Kalamata, Halkidiki, Picholine), Oil cultivars (e.g., Arbequina, Picual, Koroneiki)
Consumption Forms
- Processed into table olives (curing/fermentation after debittering)
- Crushed for olive oil production
- Fresh consumption is limited because raw olives are strongly bitter without curing
Grading Factors
- Size and uniformity (especially for table-olive processing)
- Firmness and skin integrity (bruise and defect tolerance)
- Maturity stage aligned to end use (table vs. oil)
- Visible defects and pest damage (including olive fruit fly impact)
Planting to HarvestPerennial tree crop with a multi-year juvenile period before first commercial harvest; orchards can remain productive for decades with appropriate management.
Market
Fresh olives (Olea europaea fruit) are a globally important Mediterranean-origin crop, but the fresh fruit is typically destined for rapid processing into olive oil or table olives rather than long-distance fresh consumption trade. Global production is concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin—especially Spain, Italy, Greece, Türkiye, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and Portugal—with counter-seasonal supply from Southern Hemisphere producers. Market dynamics for the fresh fruit are heavily shaped by processing capacity and quality requirements (oil acidity/defects; table-olive size and firmness), making harvest timing and rapid post-harvest handling critical. Climate variability in Mediterranean growing zones and pest/disease pressure are the main systemic risks that can disrupt volumes and quality, with knock-on effects across processed olive product trade.
Market GrowthMixed (medium-term)Fresh olive demand is largely derived from processing (olive oil and table olives), so fresh-fruit market momentum varies with processing margins, crop year variability, and quality outcomes.
Major Producing Countries
- SpainLargest global production base; major source of fruit for both olive oil and table-olive processing, with Andalusia as a key growing region.
- ItalyMajor producer with strong integration into olive oil and table-olive value chains; quality differentiation is commercially important.
- GreeceMajor producer with significant table-olive varieties and olive oil output.
- TurkiyeLarge producer supplying both domestic use and export-oriented processing segments.
- MoroccoImportant Mediterranean producer with growing export-oriented processing and table-olive activity.
- TunisiaMajor producer whose crop is strongly linked to olive oil value chains; yields can be highly variable by season.
- EgyptLarge producer with notable table-olive production and processing orientation.
- PortugalSignificant producer, including modern intensive orchards; strongly tied to olive oil processing.
Supply Calendar
- Spain (Mediterranean; incl. Andalusia):Sep, Oct, NovMain harvest window for many producing areas; fruit is commonly moved quickly into oil mills or table-olive processing.
- Greece:Oct, Nov, DecAutumn-to-early winter harvest pattern depending on variety and intended use (table vs. oil).
- Türkiye:Oct, Nov, Dec, JanHarvest spans late autumn into winter in many regions; timing varies by cultivar and destination (oil mills vs. curing).
- Morocco:Sep, Oct, NovAutumn harvest with processing-oriented flows.
- Tunisia:Nov, Dec, JanLater harvest window common in several producing areas, especially for oil-focused fruit maturity.
- Argentina:Mar, Apr, MaySouthern Hemisphere counter-seasonal harvest; fruit largely directed to processing.
- Chile:Apr, May, JunSouthern Hemisphere counter-seasonal harvest supporting regional processing industries.
- Australia:Apr, May, JunSouthern Hemisphere harvest; quality is sensitive to heat events and harvest/transport timing.
Specification
Major VarietiesManzanilla, Hojiblanca, Gordal (Sevillano), Kalamata, Halkidiki, Picholine, Arbequina, Picual, Koroneiki
Physical Attributes
- Fruit size and flesh-to-pit ratio are key commercial traits for table-olive processing suitability.
- Firmness and skin integrity affect handling losses and table-olive defect rates.
- Color progression (green to turning/purple-black depending on cultivar and maturity) signals harvest timing for intended use.
- Raw fresh olives are intensely bitter due to phenolic compounds and are typically not eaten without curing.
Compositional Metrics
- Oil content and moisture influence crushing yield and processing economics for olive oil production.
- Phenolic profile influences bitterness/pungency outcomes in oil and affects debittering requirements for table olives.
- Free acidity and defect-related quality outcomes in olive oil are influenced by fruit condition and time/temperature before milling.
Grades
- Commercial transactions commonly apply cultivar- and end-use-specific sorting for size, firmness, and defect tolerances (especially for table-olive processing).
- For downstream processed products, Codex and IOC standards are frequently referenced in international trade specifications.
Packaging
- Harvested fruit is commonly moved in ventilated crates or bulk bins to minimize crushing and overheating before processing.
- For short-haul logistics to mills or curing plants, packaging aims to reduce bruising and allow airflow rather than extend retail shelf life.
ProcessingFresh olives require rapid processing: crushing for oil or debittering/curing (often via lye treatment and fermentation or dry-salt methods) for table olives.Extended delays or warm holding before milling can raise defect risk and reduce attainable olive oil quality; table-olive suitability is sensitive to bruising and microbial spoilage.
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Harvest (hand or mechanical) -> field sorting -> short-haul transport -> olive mill (washing, crushing, malaxation, separation) OR table-olive plant (sorting, debittering/fermentation, packing) -> processed product distribution
- Fresh fruit is commonly processed close to production zones; cross-border trade is more prominent for processed olive products than for fresh olives.
Demand Drivers
- Processing demand from olive oil and table-olive manufacturers, driven by consumer demand for olive oil and prepared olives in retail and foodservice.
- Quality-driven procurement (oil yield/defects; table-olive size and firmness) that rewards well-managed harvest timing and rapid handling.
Temperature
- Avoid heat buildup in harvested fruit (shade, airflow, rapid delivery) to reduce spoilage and quality deterioration before processing.
- Cold storage is not a universal practice for fresh olives; when used, it is generally short-term and focused on maintaining fruit condition until milling/curing.
Shelf Life
- Fresh olives have a short practical holding window for quality-focused processing; delays increase spoilage and defect risks, especially under warm conditions.
Risks
Climate HighGlobal supply is concentrated in Mediterranean climates where drought, heatwaves, and erratic rainfall can sharply reduce yields and alter fruit composition, disrupting both volumes and processing quality outcomes (oil defects/yield and table-olive suitability). Because much of the world’s olive fruit originates from this region, multi-country climate shocks can cascade quickly into tighter availability and elevated prices across processed olive markets.Diversify origin exposure (Mediterranean sub-regions and Southern Hemisphere suppliers), monitor water policy and drought indicators pre-harvest, and contract for quality-linked specifications with contingency processing capacity.
Pests And Diseases HighOlive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) can cause significant fruit damage and quality losses, and Xylella fastidiosa has driven severe tree health impacts and long-term production losses in affected areas. These biological risks can reduce exportable supply and shift trade flows as quarantines, surveillance, and replanting timelines constrain availability.Implement area-wide IPM programs for olive fruit fly, strengthen orchard monitoring and rapid response, and maintain traceability and phytosanitary documentation aligned to importing-market requirements.
Quality Deterioration MediumFresh olives are prone to bruising, heating, and microbial spoilage; delays or poor handling between harvest and processing can elevate defect rates and reduce attainable olive oil category/quality and table-olive pack-out.Use ventilated field containers, reduce harvest-to-processing time, avoid overfilling bins, and align mill/plant throughput capacity to peak harvest weeks.
Regulatory Compliance MediumResidue compliance expectations and phytosanitary controls can tighten market access, while downstream product standards (IOC/Codex for olive oil and table olives) drive disputes over quality classification and labeling that affect procurement incentives for fresh fruit.Adopt documented GAP/IPM, maintain residue monitoring plans, and align procurement specs to recognized international standards and importing-market labeling rules.
Sustainability
- Water scarcity and irrigation governance in Mediterranean growing zones, especially where intensive orchards expand in water-stressed basins.
- Soil erosion, biodiversity impacts, and landscape change associated with intensive or super-intensive olive orchard systems in some regions.
- Agrochemical use and integrated pest management challenges where olive fruit fly pressure is high.
- Waste and brine management challenges in table-olive processing (high-salinity effluents) affecting local environmental compliance expectations.
Labor & Social
- Seasonal and migrant labor reliance in parts of the Mediterranean supply base, with recurring scrutiny of wages, working hours, and on-farm labor compliance.
- Worker health and safety risks during harvest (manual picking, ladder work, and mechanical harvesting operations).
- Smallholder income volatility in rainfed production areas where yields swing strongly with weather, affecting livelihood stability.
FAQ
Why are fresh olives usually processed instead of eaten raw?Fresh olives are typically processed because raw olives are intensely bitter due to naturally occurring phenolic compounds. Most of the crop is therefore directed quickly into either olive oil milling or table-olive curing and fermentation to make the product palatable and commercially stable.
Which countries dominate global olive production?Olive production is concentrated around the Mediterranean Basin, with Spain, Italy, Greece, Türkiye, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and Portugal among the major producing countries. This geographic concentration means Mediterranean weather and plant-health conditions strongly influence global supply outcomes.
What is the single biggest global risk to olive supply and trade?Climate shocks in Mediterranean growing zones—especially drought and heatwaves—are the most critical risk because they can reduce yields and degrade fruit quality across multiple major producers at the same time. Since much of the world’s olive fruit originates from the Mediterranean region, widespread climate stress can quickly tighten availability and affect downstream processed olive markets.
Fresh Olive Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Fresh Olive market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: Spain, United States, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Egypt, Mexico, Turkiye, Greece, Argentina, Netherlands, France, Belgium, Peru, Morocco, Romania, Austria, Sweden, United Arab Emirates, Denmark, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Guatemala, Jordan, Switzerland, Lebanon, Australia, Chile, Maldives, Israel, Croatia, Albania, Ecuador, China, Ukraine, Poland, South Africa, Botswana, Azerbaijan, Sri Lanka, India, Macedonia, Slovakia, El Salvador, Czechia, Thailand, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Ireland, Armenia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Qatar, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Japan, Senegal, Costa Rica, Hungary, Malaysia, New Zealand, Estonia, Nigeria, Slovenia, Finland, Liberia, Lithuania, Uganda, Norway, Andorra, Aruba, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bahamas, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lesotho, Latvia, Montenegro, Madagascar, Myanmar [Burma], Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Oman, Panama, Pakistan, Serbia, Rwanda, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Zambia
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