HS Code
080292
Last Updated
2026-06-01
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Raw Pine Nuts market coverage spans 109 countries.
- 295 exporter companies and 273 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 941 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 20 countries.
- 1 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 2.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-06-01.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Raw Pine Nuts
Analyze 941 supplier-linked transactions across the top 20 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Raw Pine Nuts.
Raw Pine Nuts Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Raw Pine Nuts to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Raw Pine Nuts: Kazakhstan (-83.9%), Vietnam (-62.0%), Netherlands (+35.1%).
Raw Pine Nuts Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-07, benchmark Raw Pine Nuts country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-12, countries with visible Raw Pine Nuts transaction unit prices: United States (29.85 USD / kg), Afghanistan (26.46 USD / kg), South Korea (19.85 USD / kg), Pakistan (17.16 USD / kg), China (16.06 USD / kg), 6 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 | 2026-05 | 2026-06 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | -11.7% | 198 | 19.84 USD / kg (395,210 kg) | 19.96 USD / kg (502,993 kg) | 16.02 USD / kg (670,039.96 kg) | 15.08 USD / kg (366,910 kg) | 13.45 USD / kg (325,950 kg) | 16.06 USD / kg (258,617 kg) | ||||||
| Afghanistan | +6.4% | 49 | - (-) | - (-) | 31.80 USD / kg (660 kg) | 24.09 USD / kg (6,758 kg) | - (-) | 26.46 USD / kg (12,898 kg) | ||||||
| India | - | 7 | 1.58 USD / kg (100 kg) | 8.21 USD / kg (64.15 kg) | 2.71 USD / kg (240 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | ||||||
| South Africa | +6.8% | 241 | 0.30 USD / kg (13,371.63 kg) | 0.30 USD / kg (12,043.13 kg) | 0.31 USD / kg (27,026.61 kg) | 0.31 USD / kg (41,297.621 kg) | 0.31 USD / kg (30,566.15 kg) | 0.31 USD / kg (25,218.4 kg) | ||||||
| Pakistan | -6.6% | 198 | - (-) | 21.60 USD / kg (5,600 kg) | 17.06 USD / kg (113,236.5 kg) | 14.87 USD / kg (378,251 kg) | 14.89 USD / kg (368,944.16 kg) | 17.16 USD / kg (66,960.5 kg) | ||||||
| Vietnam | -62.0% | 59 | - (-) | 13.34 USD / kg (627,800 kg) | 0.19 USD / kg (1,379.92 kg) | 11.66 USD / kg (178,120 kg) | 12.21 USD / kg (324,720 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | -83.9% | 31 | 0.14 USD / kg (20,000 kg) | 0.14 USD / kg (60,000 kg) | 0.15 USD / kg (360,000 kg) | 0.15 USD / kg (60,000 kg) | 0.15 USD / kg (80,000 kg) | - (-) | ||||||
| South Korea | - | 8 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 17.28 USD / kg (19,100 kg) | 19.85 USD / kg (16,320 kg) | ||||||
| United States | +23.5% | 73 | 12.53 USD / kg (22,317.19 kg) | 34.92 USD / kg (2,837.45 kg) | 33.13 USD / kg (6,802.07 kg) | 31.17 USD / kg (3,820.68 kg) | 16.89 USD / kg (7,812.96 kg) | 29.85 USD / kg (7,157.27 kg) | ||||||
| Italy | -22.0% | 16 | - (-) | - (-) | 15.84 USD / kg (699.5 kg) | 20.13 USD / kg (212.12 kg) | 26.42 USD / kg (147.42 kg) | 4.12 USD / kg (12,505.65 kg) |
Raw Pine Nuts Global Supply Chain Coverage
568 companies
295 exporters and 273 importers are mapped for Raw Pine Nuts.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Raw Pine Nuts, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Raw Pine Nuts Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
295 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Raw Pine Nuts. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Raw Pine Nuts Verified Export Suppliers and Premium Partners
1 premium Raw Pine Nuts suppliers include country, industry, and contactability signals to prioritize credible export partners faster.
Wanians Traders Pvt. Ltd.
Pakistan
Crop ProductionFood Wholesalers
Become a Premium Supplier to join the Tridge Supply Chain Network and advance your marketing and export channel strategy.
Raw Pine Nuts Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 295 total exporter companies in the Raw Pine Nuts supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Pakistan)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-12-03
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Brokers And Trade AgenciesFood ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingTrade
(Pakistan)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-10-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Trade
Exporting Countries: China, Saudi Arabia
Supplying Products: Raw Pine Nuts, Dried Basil Seeds, Dried Date
(Pakistan)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-05-01
Industries: Brokers And Trade Agencies
Value Chain Roles: Trade
(Turkiye)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-05-01
Recently Export Partner Companies: 3
Industries: Food WholesalersOthers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleTrade
Exporting Countries: Italy, United Arab Emirates, Jordan
Supplying Products: Raw Pine Nuts
(China)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-05-01
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingCrop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food ManufacturingTrade
(China)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: Over 1000 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 50M - 100M
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: Food ManufacturingTrade
Raw Pine Nuts Global Exporter Coverage
295 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Raw Pine Nuts supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Raw Pine Nuts opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Raw Pine Nuts (HS Code 080292) in 2024
For Raw Pine Nuts in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 2,728,681 kg | 53,752,077.624 USD |
| 2 | Turkiye | 1,262,465 kg | 36,288,019 USD |
| 3 | Czechia | 956,551.539 kg | 18,378,698 USD |
| 4 | Italy | 454,916 kg | 14,014,472.758 USD |
| 5 | Netherlands | 492,957 kg | 10,101,113.238 USD |
| 6 | Spain | 425,194.609 kg | 9,076,181.332 USD |
| 7 | Pakistan | 400,695 kg | 8,063,664.746 USD |
| 8 | United States | 328,070 kg | 7,272,555 USD |
| 9 | Denmark | 44,508.536 kg | 1,240,285.876 USD |
| 10 | Lithuania | 34,878.01 kg | 1,074,645 USD |
Raw Pine Nuts Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Raw Pine Nuts exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Raw Pine Nuts Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
273 importer companies are mapped for Raw Pine Nuts demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Raw Pine Nuts Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 273 total importer companies tracked for Raw Pine Nuts. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-05-01
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(United States)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-05-01
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Spain)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-05-01
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-11-29
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(Spain)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-05-01
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food ManufacturingFood PackagingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-11-04
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Brokers And Trade AgenciesFood ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
273 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Raw Pine Nuts.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Raw Pine Nuts buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Raw Pine Nuts (HS Code 080292) in 2024
For Raw Pine Nuts in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 3,889,405 kg | 78,576,927 USD |
| 2 | Italy | 2,967,703 kg | 65,840,332.066 USD |
| 3 | Germany | 3,179,066.826 kg | 60,871,017.3 USD |
| 4 | Netherlands | 1,854,385 kg | 34,863,786.342 USD |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 1,072,564 kg | 19,475,864.029 USD |
| 6 | Spain | 1,679,932.603 kg | 16,384,689.709 USD |
| 7 | Czechia | 907,473.251 kg | 16,073,263 USD |
| 8 | Australia | 761,216.8 kg | 11,761,115.135 USD |
| 9 | Switzerland | 334,281.731 kg | 9,949,595.295 USD |
| 10 | Canada | 374,704.092 kg | 8,926,723.385 USD |
Raw Pine Nuts Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Raw Pine Nuts origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Raw Pine Nuts
Raw Pine Nuts Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Raw Pine Nuts wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-12, countries with visible Raw Pine Nuts wholesale unit prices: Portugal (73.67 USD / kg), South Korea (69.60 USD / kg), Italy (55.87 USD / kg), China (14.17 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 | 2026-05 | 2026-06 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 15.33 USD / kg | 16.74 USD / kg | 16.83 USD / kg | 14.04 USD / kg | 14.07 USD / kg | 14.17 USD / kg | ||||||
| Italy | 65.43 USD / kg | 64.61 USD / kg | 55.38 USD / kg | 62.26 USD / kg | 61.50 USD / kg | 55.87 USD / kg | ||||||
| Portugal | - | - | - | - | 72.78 USD / kg | 73.67 USD / kg | ||||||
| Brazil | 1.80 USD / kg | 1.81 USD / kg | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| South Korea | 37.18 USD / kg | 40.15 USD / kg | 36.76 USD / kg | 38.23 USD / kg | 49.10 USD / kg | 69.60 USD / kg |
Raw Pine Nuts Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Raw Pine Nuts wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 5 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
| Rank | Country | Average | Lower | Upper | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 15.20 USD / kg | 14.01 USD / kg | 16.85 USD / kg | +0.5% |
| 2 | Italy | 61.95 USD / kg | 18.96 USD / kg | 96.77 USD / kg | +10.8% |
| 3 | Portugal | 73.22 USD / kg | 72.36 USD / kg | 73.95 USD / kg | +23.1% |
| 4 | Brazil | 2.47 USD / kg | 1.80 USD / kg | 3.01 USD / kg | +6.8% |
| 5 | South Korea | 49.13 USD / kg | 14.21 USD / kg | 123.38 USD / kg | +16.4% |
Latest Raw Pine Nuts Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Raw Pine Nuts wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-01 | Кед***** ***** *** * * ******* **** | 14.96 USD / kg | |
| 2026-05-01 | 잣 (*** * *** ** ***** ** | 126.25 USD / kg | |
| 2026-05-01 | Кед***** ***** ****** **** ******** * ******* **** | 15.96 USD / kg | |
| 2026-05-01 | 잣 (****** * *** ** ***** **** | 1054.58 USD / kg | |
| 2026-05-01 | 잣 (****** * *** ** ***** **** | 190.88 USD / kg |
Global Farmgate Supplier Price Trends by Country for Raw Pine Nuts
Raw Pine Nuts Monthly Farmgate Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Raw Pine Nuts farmgate unit-price benchmarks by country to monitor supplier-side cost movement.
In 2025-09, countries with visible Raw Pine Nuts farmgate unit prices: Myanmar [Burma] (1.45 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 | 2026-05 | 2026-06 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myanmar [Burma] | 1.45 USD / kg | 1.45 USD / kg | 1.45 USD / kg | - | - | - |
Raw Pine Nuts Farmgate Cost Trends by Major Exporting Supplier Countries
Compare Raw Pine Nuts farmgate price levels and YoY changes across the top 1 exporting countries to understand origin-side supplier cost structure.
| Rank | Country | Average | Lower | Upper | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Myanmar [Burma] | 1.45 USD / kg | 1.45 USD / kg | 1.45 USD / kg | -0.3% |
Latest Raw Pine Nuts Farmgate Export Cost Updates
Review the latest 2 Raw Pine Nuts farmgate updates to monitor origin-side export cost and supplier pricing shifts.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-09-01 | Raw **** **** ****** ***** * **** * | 2.37 USD / kg | |
| 2024-10-01 | Raw **** **** ****** ******** * *** * | 1.28 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormDried (Raw, Shelled Kernels)
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupTree nuts / Non-wood forest products
Scientific NamePinus spp. (commercial pine nut kernels from multiple species, including Pinus pinea and Pinus koraiensis)
PerishabilityMedium (shelf-stable but oxidation-prone due to high oil content)
Growing Conditions
- Temperate to Mediterranean forest ecosystems depending on species (e.g., coastal/sandy, well-drained sites for stone pine systems in the Mediterranean)
- Long cone development cycle in some commercial species (notably Pinus pinea), increasing sensitivity to multi-year climate conditions
Main VarietiesStone pine group (Pinus pinea) — Mediterranean 'pignoli' type, Korean pine group (Pinus koraiensis) — Northeast Asian 'Chinese pine nut' type, Siberian pine group (Pinus sibirica) — 'cedar nut' type in Russia, Chilgoza group (Pinus gerardiana) — South/Central Asian premium type
Consumption Forms
- Raw kernels as ingredient (sauces/pesto, bakery, confectionery, salads)
- Roasted kernels for culinary garnish and snacks
- Pressed oil in niche culinary and cosmetic uses
Grading Factors
- Kernel integrity (whole vs. broken)
- Color and appearance uniformity
- Moisture control and absence of moldy/tainted kernels
- Oxidation/rancidity indicators and sensory acceptance
- Foreign matter and insect damage
- Conformance to applicable commercial quality standards (e.g., UNECE DDP-12)
Planting to HarvestOften long-lived trees with multi-year cone development; stone pine systems are described as beginning seed production after roughly 12–18 years in some Mediterranean forest contexts.
Market
Raw pine nuts (pine nut kernels) are a premium tree-nut commodity sourced from multiple Pinus species, with supply concentrated in East Asia (notably Korean pine-related supply chains) and the Mediterranean stone pine belt. Trade is shaped by the fact that many commercial volumes originate from non-wood forest product harvesting and then move through specialized shelling/sorting and oxidation-control packaging before export. Demand is strongest in high-income import markets where pine nuts are used as a high-value ingredient (e.g., sauces/pesto, bakery, confectionery) and as a retail nut. Market dynamics are characterized by high price sensitivity to year-to-year cone crop variability, forest health, and the cost/intensity of harvesting and kernel extraction.
Market GrowthNot Mentioned
Major Producing Countries
- ChinaMajor production and processing base for pine nut kernels linked to Pinus koraiensis supply chains.
- RussiaSignificant non-wood forest product origin for Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and other pine nut supply; material often channels through regional traders/processors.
- North KoreaReported as a meaningful contributor to East Asian pine nut supply in industry and academic references.
- SpainKey Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea) origin; traditional cone collection and kernel extraction supply chain.
- PortugalMediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea) cone production region; long cone development cycle and climate sensitivity are noted in forestry literature.
- TurkiyeMediterranean stone pine-related production is cited in academic literature and trade channels.
- ItalyMediterranean stone pine origin (limited, premium) and a notable trading/processing hub in some supply chains.
- PakistanChilgoza pine nuts (Pinus gerardiana) are an important mountain forest product in South Asia.
- AfghanistanChilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) supply is harvested seasonally and enters regional export channels.
Major Exporting Countries
- ChinaMajor exporter and/or processor-exporter for pine nut kernels into Europe and North America.
- SpainMediterranean stone pine supply is historically described as export-oriented, including shipments routed via Italian trading channels.
- ItalyActs as a processing/trading hub in some Mediterranean-to-import-market pine nut flows.
- TurkiyeExport participant for stone pine-related pine nut kernels cited in academic references.
- RussiaExports and cross-border movements can be significant, with some harvests marketed via intermediaries and processors.
- PakistanChilgoza kernels and in-shell product can be exported regionally and to premium markets when logistics allow.
Major Importing Countries
- United StatesFrequently referenced as a major destination market for imported pine nut kernels.
- GermanyCommonly listed among large import markets in trade-data-derived summaries for shelled pine nuts.
- ItalyImports for domestic consumption and for onward processing/trading are reflected in trade-data-derived summaries.
- NetherlandsImport and redistribution role appears in trade-data-derived summaries (EU logistics hub).
- FranceRegular import market for culinary and retail use in Europe.
- United KingdomOften listed among notable import markets in trade-data-derived summaries for shelled pine nuts.
Supply Calendar
- Mediterranean stone pine belt (notably Spain):Nov, Dec, Jan, FebFAO non-wood forest product case material describes cone collection from November to February for Pinus pinea systems.
- Afghanistan/Pakistan (Chilgoza pine, Pinus gerardiana):Sep, OctChilgoza harvest is commonly described as September to October, followed by sun-drying of cones and manual seed extraction in traditional systems.
- Northeast Asia (Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis supply chains):Sep, Oct, NovHarvest timing varies by elevation and local climate; commercial guidance often places collection in early autumn with processing for kernel export.
Specification
Major VarietiesStone pine (Pinus pinea), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis), Himalayan blue pine (Pinus wallichiana), Chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana), Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila)
Physical Attributes
- Small, ivory-to-cream kernels with high oil content; oxidation can cause rancid flavors if poorly handled
- Species-linked sensory differences: Mediterranean stone pine kernels are typically larger and milder; Korean-pine-linked kernels are often smaller with a more resinous profile
Compositional Metrics
- High lipid content is a defining quality attribute; moisture control is important to reduce spoilage and quality loss
- Quality programs commonly monitor indicators of oxidation (e.g., rancidity/peroxide development) as part of buyer acceptance
Grades
- UNECE Standard DDP-12 (Pine Nut Kernels) is used as an international reference for commercial quality at export-control stage
Packaging
- Oxygen-barrier packaging (often vacuum-sealed or nitrogen-flushed) is widely used to slow oxidation during international distribution
- Bulk formats (e.g., multi-kilogram cartons with inner barrier bags) are common for industrial users, with smaller retail packs for consumer channels
ProcessingCones are dried (sun or controlled drying) to open scales; kernels are extracted, shelled/decorticated, sorted/graded, and packed under low-oxygen conditions to manage oxidation risk
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Forest cone collection/harvest (often seasonal) -> cone drying to release seeds -> shelling/decortication -> sorting/grading -> oxygen-controlled packing (vacuum/nitrogen) -> export distribution to ingredient users and retail
Demand Drivers
- Ingredient use in sauces (including pesto), bakery, confectionery, and premium culinary applications
- Premium positioning and limited/variable supply compared with other tree nuts
Temperature
- Cool, dry storage and protection from heat/light help limit oxidative quality loss in high-oil kernels
Atmosphere Control
- Vacuum sealing or nitrogen flushing is commonly used to reduce oxygen exposure and slow rancidity in global shipments
Shelf Life
- Shelf life is primarily limited by oxidation/rancidity rather than microbial spoilage; oxygen exclusion and good storage conditions materially extend usable quality
Risks
Climate And Wildfire HighGlobal pine nut supply can be disrupted by climate-driven variability in cone crops and by acute events (drought/heat extremes and wildfires) in key producing forests. Mediterranean stone pine systems are described as having long cone development and masting behavior with strong interannual variability influenced by climate, meaning adverse seasons can rapidly tighten supply and drive price volatility.Diversify sourcing across species/origins (Mediterranean stone pine, Northeast Asian Korean-pine-linked supply, chilgoza), use forward contracting where feasible, and monitor pre-season cone outlooks and fire/drought indicators in major origin regions.
Pests And Disease (Forest Health) MediumForest health threats can reduce cone production and trigger phytosanitary restrictions. Pine wilt disease linked to the pinewood nematode is described as an international quarantine issue affecting pine ecosystems, raising the risk of supply disruption and tighter import controls.Maintain phytosanitary compliance documentation, monitor origin-region forest health alerts, and qualify alternate origins to reduce dependence on any single forest ecosystem.
Food Safety And Chemical Residues MediumChemical residue compliance can be a trade barrier for kernels destined for strict markets; research on pine nut seeds includes residue monitoring and risk assessment for applied pesticides in pine systems. Import markets may apply MRL requirements and enforcement that can result in detentions or recalls.Implement routine residue testing aligned to destination-market MRLs, require supplier QA programs (e.g., HACCP/GFSI where applicable), and maintain full traceability to lot and origin.
Quality And Shelf Life MediumHigh oil content makes pine nut kernels prone to oxidation and rancidity, creating risks of quality claims, write-offs, and brand damage if packaging and storage are suboptimal during long distribution chains.Specify low-oxygen packaging (vacuum/nitrogen), control moisture, use cool/dry storage, and set clear acceptance criteria for sensory quality and oxidation indicators.
Geopolitical And Trade Compliance MediumCross-border flows can be sensitive to sanctions, border frictions, and shifting export controls—particularly where supply chains transit intermediaries or originate in politically sensitive regions. Disruptions can delay shipments, raise transaction costs, and constrain available compliant supply.Conduct sanctions/compliance screening, diversify approved supplier lists across jurisdictions, and build contingency inventory for high-volatility periods.
Sustainability
- Forest ecosystem dependence (non-wood forest product): supply and livelihoods can be tightly coupled to forest management, biodiversity conservation, and regeneration dynamics
- Climate sensitivity and wildfire exposure in major origin ecosystems (Mediterranean stone pine systems and boreal/temperate pine forests)
- Risk of unsustainable cone collection practices in sensitive habitats if governance and incentives are weak
Labor & Social
- Seasonal and sometimes informal forest-based harvesting workforces; income dependence can be high in rural forest communities
- Worker safety risks during cone collection (climbing, remote terrain, exposure to resin, and manual handling)
FAQ
Which pine species are commonly recognized in international commerce for pine nut kernels?International commercial standards recognize pine nut kernels from multiple Pinus species rather than a single crop. For example, UNECE’s pine nut kernel standard lists several commercial species including stone pine (Pinus pinea) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), alongside others used in trade.
When is the main cone collection period for Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea) pine nuts in Spain?FAO non-wood forest product case material describing Spanish stone pine systems notes cone collection from November to February, followed by drying of cones to extract the seeds and further shelling/processing before market.
When are chilgoza pine nuts typically harvested in Afghanistan?Chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) is commonly described as being harvested in September to October in Afghanistan, with cones then sun-dried for days to help release the seeds before they are prepared for sale.
Sources
Raw Pine Nuts Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Raw Pine Nuts market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
China
Lesotho
United States
Germany
Kyrgyzstan
Turkiye
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Argentina
All country market pages: China, Lesotho, United States, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, Turkiye, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Argentina, France, United Kingdom, Portugal, Czechia, Australia, Mongolia, Israel, India, United Arab Emirates, Canada, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Austria, Sweden, Vietnam, South Africa, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Kuwait, Brazil, Lithuania, Latvia, Greece, Jordan, Slovakia, Ireland, Bulgaria, Norway, Philippines, Costa Rica, Finland, Indonesia, South Korea, Oman, Serbia, Mexico, New Zealand, Estonia, Croatia, Romania, Qatar, Singapore, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ecuador, Slovenia, Peru, Bahrain, Luxembourg, Andorra, Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bahamas, Bhutan, Belize, Ivory Coast, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guatemala, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malaysia, Namibia, Panama, Senegal, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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