The World Organisation for Animal Health has reported outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Germany and Israel, with the disease detected in water buffalo in Germany and cattle in Israel. The outbreak in Germany occurs after nearly 40 years, with three water buffalo deaths and 17 other animals infected. Control measures including the elimination of infected carcasses and movement restrictions have been implemented. In Israel, the disease spread to 68 animals, with three deaths, following illegal animal movement or contact with infected animals. Control measures such as quarantine, surveillance, movement restrictions, and vaccination have been implemented in Israel as well. These developments are expected to have market implications and rekindle the debate on the need for vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease.