Australia's livestock and meat export industry is facing challenges due to the outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JEV). The disease, spread by mosquitoes, has infected 35 people and caused three deaths since February, and has also been found in feral pigs. The lack of an animal vaccine for JEV in Australia, despite one being fast-tracked, has led to concerns from traditional customers, resulting in new requirements from foreign buyers. The outbreak has impacted exports of Australian horses, and the agency responsible for export certification is working with horse exporters to meet import requirements. The agency is also seeking an emergency use permit for a JEV vaccine for horses. In the meantime, horse owners are being advised to protect their animals from mosquito bites.