Eighteen months after concerns over foot and mouth disease (FMD) and lumpy skin disease threatened Australia's livestock industries, these risks remain severe, according to beef sector leader David Foote. The potential biosecurity failures could devastate Australia's $65 billion agricultural export trade and damage its meat and fiber market reputation. FMD and other biosecurity threats could also impact dairy farmers and processors. The Australian Government's declaration of the FMD outbreak in Indonesia as stable does not diminish the risks, which could result in a significant economic impact and potential renegotiation of export and import rules.