The article provides an in-depth analysis of the guanacos' situation in Patagonia, highlighting their historical abundance and the dramatic decline following the introduction of sheep farming. It points out that the significant reduction in guanaco numbers, primarily attributed to overgrazing by sheep, has led to the degradation of the Patagonian steppe. However, in protected areas like the Cabo Dos Bahías reserve and Parque Patagonia, guanaco populations are showing signs of stability or recovery, challenging the belief that guanacos compete with sheep for food. Additionally, the article explores the movement patterns of guanacos in Monte León National Park, debunking the myth that protected areas cause wildlife to invade neighboring lands, and calls for further research to understand these dynamics fully.