Research in Brazil has focused on the key challenges faced by commercial producers of pirarucu, a species considered promising for freshwater aquaculture due to its high growth rate and market demand. The research has led to significant discoveries in genetic diversity, reproduction, feed efficiency, transport, processing, and health management of the species, addressing issues such as low feed efficiency, lack of adequate feed, and parasitic infections. These findings are crucial for improving the sustainability and efficiency of pirarucu aquaculture, potentially positioning it as a key driver of the industry in Brazil.