The annual conference of the European chestnut network, Eurocastanea, revealed conflicting views on the future of chestnut cultivation in Italy. Forecasts predict a sharp decline in chestnut production in Italy compared to other European countries, with drops in various regions. There is a debate on whether Italy should innovate and invest in new and lowland plants or focus on improving traditional systems to save traditional chestnut cultivation. Additionally, marketing efforts are needed to promote the health benefits of chestnuts and attract younger consumers.