A severe outbreak of the avian influenza strain HPAI H5N1 is spreading globally, affecting birds and other animals on every continent except Australia and Oceania. The virus, which causes high levels of sickness and death in birds and poultry, has led to mass die-offs and threatens the survival of entire species. It has also been shown to affect dairy cows, leading to reduced milk production. Despite the low risk to humans, concerns are being raised about the potential impact on Antarctic wildlife and the possibility of human-to-human transmission. Efforts are being made to monitor and control the spread of the virus, with authorities urging the public to report dead or dying birds or mammals to aid surveillance.