The Vietnam Pepper and Spice Association (VPSA) predicted a global pepper production decrease of around 4% in 2024, primarily due to Brazil and Vietnam. FOB prices for pepper have risen significantly. The International Pepper Community (IPC) anticipates further decreases in 2025 due to competing crop economics, climate change, and increased production costs. Vietnam's production is expected to decline by 5.1% in 2024, but some areas have seen increased production due to favorable weather and higher prices. China, a major importer, has reduced its imports from Vietnam but may increase purchases again due to low inventories.