Despite a decrease in cultivated area, Brazilian barley production has seen a 13% increase to 442 thousand tons due to high productivity. The majority of the production is suited for the malt industry, essential for beer production, as Brazil is the third-largest beer producer globally. However, demand for barley grains exceeds supply, with around 1.1 million tons needed annually against the current production of roughly 498 thousand tons. Factors such as climate challenges and competition with corn for cultivation land present obstacles in meeting the demand. The article also highlights the potential of barley for animal feed, especially for cattle, owing to its high protein content, which could improve milk yield and quality. The article emphasizes research efforts to improve barley quality and efficiency, including a new project by Embrapa Trigo to develop advanced barley hybrids and improve productivity.