Global populations of migratory freshwater fish species have declined by 81% from 1970 to 2020, threatening food security, livelihoods, and ecosystems. Major threats include habitat loss, over-exploitation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts like habitat restoration and dam removals show promise, particularly in Europe and the U.S. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and initiatives like the Freshwater Challenge aim to restore degraded rivers to support these fish populations. WWF-US has joined the America the Beautiful Freshwater Challenge Partnership, emphasizing the need for better monitoring, international cooperation, and public engagement. Global initiatives and events like World Fish Migration Day are raising awareness and driving action to protect freshwater biodiversity.